Sporotrichosis: An Overview and Therapeutic Options

Abstract

Sporotrichosis is a chronic granulomatous mycotic infection caused by Sporothrix schenckii, a common saprophyte of soil, decaying wood, hay, and sphagnum moss, that is endemic in tropical/subtropical areas. The recent phylogenetic studies have delineated the geographic distribution of multiple distinct Sporothrix species causing sporotrichosis. It characteristically involves the skin and subcutaneous tissue following traumatic inoculation of the pathogen. After a variable incubation period, progressively enlarging papulo-nodule at the inoculation site develops that may ulcerate (fixed cutaneous sporotrichosis) or multiple nodules appear proximally along lymphatics (lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis). Osteoarticular sporotrichosis or primary pulmonary sporotrichosis are rare and occur from direct inoculation or inhalation of conidia, respectively. Disseminated cutaneous sporotrichosis or involvement of multiple visceral organs, particularly the central nervous system, occurs most commonly in persons with immunosuppression. Saturated solution of potassium iodide remains a first line treatment choice for uncomplicated cutaneous sporotrichosis in resource poor countries but itraconazole is currently used/recommended for the treatment of all forms of sporotrichosis. Terbinafine has been observed to be effective in the treatment of cutaneous sporotrichosis. Amphotericin B is used initially for the treatment of severe, systemic disease, during pregnancy and in immunosuppressed patients until recovery, then followed by itraconazole for the rest of the therapy.

Sporotrichosis Centering Siliguri and its Sub-Himalayan Neighbours

“…70% of our positive cases had a definite history of trauma with thorns, straw etc. 60% of our cases had lymphocutaneous variety which correlate well with study of Mahajan et al, (2014) who also found lymphocutaneous variety to be the commonst. microscopic detection of S. Schenckii in biopsy sections and Pus is always difficult (Sanyal et al, 1973;Kaufman, 1999) as also observed in our case.…”

Características clínico-epidemiológicas, histomorfológicas e histoquímicas da esporotricose felina

“…A cultura e identificação de espécies de Sporothrix é considerada por muitos autores como sendo a técnica padrão-ouro de diagnóstico (Schubach et al 2012, Mahajan 2014). Entretanto, a falta de suspeita clínica faz com que amostras de biópsias e mesmo de necropsias sejam conservadas apenas em formol, impossibilitando o envio para exame micológico (Miranda et al 2011).…”

“…A reação de Splendore-Hoeppli circundando as leveduras tem sido descrita como muito frequente na esporotricose humana (Vásquez-del-Mercado et al 2012, Mahajan 2014. Porém, não tem sido descrita na esporotricose felina (Miranda et al 2009, Schubach et al 2012) e também não foi vista nos gatos deste estudo.…”

Cutaneous sporotrichosis as an occupational disease: Case report

“…The fungus grew best on Acacia melanoxylon, Cinnamomum camphora, Eucalyptus grandis, E. sideroxylon, and Ginkgo biloba [6,7]. This patient had been hurt while trimming Bougainvillea spp.…”