Travelers to more distant, exotic, and tropical destinations are often exposed to a range of health hazards and need to be advised of the appropriate health issues. Advice on travel health consists mainly of information about appropriate behavior (hygiene, food, sexual encounters) and immunizations/prophylaxis, and concentrates on the prevention of diseases such as gastrointestinal infections, vectorborne infections, sexually transmitted infections/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or hepatitis. Cutaneous leishmaniasis, a disease with a worldwide annual incidence of 300,000 cases from a population of 200 million at risk, 1 is very rarely included. Endemic in a number of tropical and subtropical areas around the globe, many doctors in the "Western" world (where most tourists come from) do not know and, therefore, do not recognize the disease in returning travelers, 2,3 let alone advise them about prevention. Sometimes, even published health advice 4 does not contain preventive measures. As a result, few tourists are informed about the condition.Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease transmitted by infected sandflies. After being bitten, an ulcerous skin lesion develops that is usually self-healing after a number of weeks, leaving a typical scar the size of the ulcer. Numerous tourists have returned from overseas trips to endemic areas with such a reminder of their "Aleppo Boil" or "Oriental Sore." Unfortunately, one parasite species, Leishmania braziliensis, can develop a mucocutaneous stage within months, years or even decades after the primary lesion. 5,6 In this stage, individuals harboring the parasite develop mucosal lesions in the nose and mouth and -if untreated -disfiguring tissue destruction. L. braziliensis is prevalent in the rainforests of Central and South America. Coincidentally, these rainforests represent major tourist attractions, such as the national parks in Costa Rica and Peru. 2,7 Although mainly a disease of the local population, visitors to endemic areas (tourists, researchers, military personnel) can become infected rapidly if no precautions are taken, such as the