Sporadic acute hepatitis E of a 47-year-old man whose pet cat was positive for antibody to hepatitis E virus

Kuno, Akiko; Ido, Kenichi; Isoda, Norio; Satoh, Yoshiaki; Ono, Kazunori; Satoh, Shin; Inamori, Hideaki; Sugano, Kentaro; Kanai, Nobuyuki; Nishizawa, Tsutomu; Okamoto, Hiroaki

doi:10.1016/s1386-6346(03)00197-9

Cited by 71 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…More recently, evidence for this route of transmission was obtained from cases of acute hepatitis in people who had eaten uncooked wild deer meat [Tei et al, 2003]. Pets could also be involved in the transmission of HEV [Kuno et al, 2003]. The present study identified no reservoir or mode of contamination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

Hepatitis E in the south west of France in individuals who have never visited an endemic area

Mansuy

Péron

Abravanel

et al. 2004

Journal of Medical Virology

230

186

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A total of 431 consecutive patients from the Midi Pyrenees area with acute hepatitis with unknown etiology in 2001-2002 were tested for the presence of immunoglobulin G-class (IgG) anti-hepatitis E virus (HEV) antibodies. Forty-six (10.7%) had anti-HEV IgG, and the results were questionable for a further 17 (3.9%). Real time PCR based on TaqMan detection was used to identify HEV genome fragments in the serum of patients with positive or questionable anti-HEV serology. HEV RNA was found in 25.4% of cases. All amplification products were sequenced and analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all the strains were genotype 3. In conclusion, virological and epidemiological data indicate that genotype 3 viruses are circulating in the south west part of France (Midi-Pyrenees) in patients with acute hepatitis and who have not visited recently areas in which HEV is endemic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

Hepatitis E in the south west of France in individuals who have never visited an endemic area

Mansuy

Péron

Abravanel

et al. 2004

Journal of Medical Virology

230

186

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Similar fi ndings have been reported in the Netherlands (12). Although this difference might just refl ect the fact that pet ownership is higher among older persons, a high prevalence of anti-HEV antibodies has been found among dogs in India (13) and cats in Japan (14), and a patient with hepatitis E from Japan owned a pet cat who was positive for antibodies to HEV (15), all of which indicate that domestic animals may be a potential reservoir for infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E in England and Wales

Lewis¹,

Boisson²,

Ijaz³

et al. 2008

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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In 2005, 329 cases of hepatitis E virus infection were confi rmed in England and Wales; 33 were confi rmed indigenous infections, and a further 67 were estimated to be indigenous infections. Hepatitis E should be considered in the investigation of patients with hepatitis even if they have no history of travel.A cute hepatitis caused by hepatitis E virus (HEV) has historically been considered an imported disease associated with travel to a disease-endemic area. However, an increasing number of sporadic hepatitis E cases not associated with travel have been reported from industrialized countries, including England and Wales (1).Four HEV genotypes have been identifi ed that correlate with the geographic origin of the virus (2). Genotype 1 is regularly identifi ed with disease-hyperendemic areas such as Africa and southern Asia; genotype 2, with Mexico and West Africa; genotype 3, with industrialized countries such as North America, Europe, and Japan; and genotype 4, with eastern Asia and India.The epidemiology of non-travel-associated hepatitis E is largely unknown. Although the main route of transmission in disease-hyperendemic areas is the consumption of fecally contaminated water, risk factors for HEV infection in nondisease-hyperendemic countries have included occupational exposure to pigs (3) and consumption of raw or undercooked pork products (4), shellfi sh (5), and venison (6).HEV is endemic in pig populations worldwide (7), including England and Wales, where HEV genotype 3 is widespread in pigs, and subgenomic sequencing studies have shown a close relationship between pig and human HEV strains (8). Although zoonotic transmission from swine to humans appears plausible, the possibility of a reservoir common to both swine and humans cannot be excluded. The StudyThe reference laboratory for hepatitis E at the Health Protection Agency's Centre for Infections reported 17 cases of non-travel-associated hepatitis E in England and Wales from 1996 through 2003 (5). During 2004, that laboratory and the other hepatitis E reference laboratory in Birmingham received an increased number of samples for HEV testing with a corresponding increase in numbers of hepatitis E cases diagnosed by testing for HEV immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgG by using ELISAs (Genelabs Technologies Inc, Redwood City, CA, USA). These observations led to this study, the aims of which were to describe the epidemiology of hepatitis E in England and Wales, estimate the number of non-travel-associated cases, and identify risk factors for HEV infection in indigenous cases.During 2005 The number of indigenous HEV infections was estimated for those with an unknown travel history by fi tting a logistical regression model that used Caucasian name and age as predictor variables. An estimated 67 (95% confidence interval 58-75) of the 176 patients (when the date of birth was known) in this group acquired their infection in England and Wales.Twenty-eight indigenous case-patients were available for telephone interview in which a detailed structured questionnaire w...

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“…Therefore, other animals including zoo animals would also be infected with HEV through the same route as demonstrated in humans and pigs. A considerable portion HEV infection in humans is mediated by consumption of raw or under-cooked animal products or by direct contact with HEV-infected animals [5,6,10]. Therefore, zoo animal species are implicated as another risk factor for transmission of HEV to humans.…”

Section: Hepatitis E Virus (Hev) Is An Emerging Zoonotic Agentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus in zoo animal species in Korea

Song¹,

Kim²,

Park³

et al. 2013

Korean Journal of Veterinary Research

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: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) can infect not only human but also several animals. This study has been conducted to evaluate the comprehensive anti-HEV seroprevalence in zoo animals in Korea. Anti-HEV antibodies were identified in 14 of 64 zoo animal species. HEV antibodies were detected for the first time in Eurasian Lynx, Setland Pony, Fallow Deer, Ezo Sika, Formosa Deer, East Wapitis, Barasingha, Corriedale, American Bison, Guanacos, Reticulated Giraffe, and Saanen. These results indicate that the several zoo animal species were exposed to HEV.Keywords : hepatitis E virus, seroprevalence, zoo animal species Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging zoonotic agent. HEV is the only member of the genus Hepevirus in the family Hepeviridae. HEV is a non-enveloped virus that has an approximately 7.2 kb single-stranded genome comprised of positive-sense RNA [7]. HEV strains have been classified into four major genotypes based on phylogenetic analysis of full genome sequences or highly conserved partial sequences [7]. HEV infections by genotypes 1 and 2 are restricted to humans and cause mainly waterborne outbreak of hepatitis in developing countries. However, HEV genotypes 3 and 4 are detected in both humans and animals, and induce sporadic cases of acute hepatitis in developed countries. Human infections by HEV genotypes 3 and 4 are possibly transmitted from animal species including pigs and wild boar [8]. Previous serological studies in human, pig, and cat populations in Korea reported seroprevalence of anti-HEV antibody as 18%, 15%, and 8.1%, respectively [3,12]. However, no reports have addressed the seroprevalence study in zoo animal species. This study was conducted to evaluate the comprehensive anti-HEV seroprevalence status in zoo animal species in Korea.This study was conducted to evaluate comprehensively the anti-HEV seroprevalence in zoo animal species. A total of 201 serum samples were obtained from zoo animals at a Seoul Zoo, Korea from 2005 to 2010. The samples were stored at -80 o C until analysis. The samples were all tested in duplicate for anti-HEV antibody with a direct sandwich enzyme immunoassay kit (Wantai Biopharmaceutical, China). The assay was carried out by following the manufacturer's instructions. Briefly, 50 µL of the serum sample was added to each well containing 50 µL of the diluent, and the microplate was incubated for 30 min at 37 o C. The microplate was washed five times with 350 µL of a wash solution. 100 µL of horseradish peroxidase-conjugated recombinant HEV antigen was added to each well, and the microplate was incubated for 30 min at 37 o C. The microplate was washed five times with 350 µL of a wash solution. 50 µL of chromogen A and chromogen B solution were added into each well, and the microplate was incubated at 37 o

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Sporadic acute hepatitis E of a 47-year-old man whose pet cat was positive for antibody to hepatitis E virus

Cited by 71 publications

References 29 publications

Hepatitis E in the south west of France in individuals who have never visited an endemic area

Hepatitis E in the south west of France in individuals who have never visited an endemic area

Hepatitis E in England and Wales

Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus in zoo animal species in Korea

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