Hepatitis E in the south west of France in individuals who have never visited an endemic area

Mansuy, Jean Michel; Péron, Jean Marie; Abravanel, Florence; Poirson, Hélène; Dubois, Martine; Miédougé, Marcel; Vischi, Françoise; Alric, Laurent; Vinel, Jean Pierre; Izopet, Jacques

doi:10.1002/jmv.20206

Cited by 230 publications

(198 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…[59][60][61][62] In contrast to disease seen in highly-endemic areas, the patients with hepatitis E in low-endemicity areas are generally elderly, and often have other coexisting diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease and prior liver disease. 63 In a series from the UK, the disease showed seasonal peaks in spring and summer and no cases during winter.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Affected Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E: Epidemiology and Natural History

Aggarwal

2013

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology

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Section: Characteristics Of Affected Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E: Epidemiology and Natural History

Aggarwal

2013

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology

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“…In endemic countries, as India, genotype 1 infects humans, while HEV isolates from swine belong to genotype 3 or 4 [3]. However, genotype 3 strains have also been isolated from sporadic human cases of hepatitis E, and from domesticated pigs in several European countries, in the United States (US) and in Japan, while genotype 4 strains have been found in humans and pigs exclusively in Asia, as China, Taiwan, Japan and Vietnam [4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endemic hepatitis E in two Nordic countries

et al. 2009

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Antibodies against hepatitis E virus (anti-HEV) were found in 248 Swedish and Danish patients between 1993 and 2007. Most patients were symptomatic and tested for anti-HEV due to travel abroad. Among patients with known country of infection, most were infected in Asia, mainly on the Indian subcontinent. However, 29 patients were infected in Europe, nine of these had HEV IgM and/or HEV RNA in serum. In sera from 65 of 141 tested patients HEV RNA could be detected, and 63 strains could be typed by limited sequencing within ORF2. HEV RNA was found in sera from 71% of the patients with HEV IgM and IgG and in 18% of the patients with only detectable HEV IgG. It was also found up to three weeks after the onset of disease in 67% of the patients with known date of onset. Patients infected in Europe were infected by genotype 3, and were older than those infected by genotype 1 (mean age 55.3 vs 30 years, p<0.001). Since it is known that genotype 3 can infect domestic pigs, HEV strains from 18 piglets in 17 herds in Sweden and Denmark were sequenced. Phylogenetic analyses of the genotype 3 strains showed geographical clades and high similarity between strains from patients and pigs from the same area. There are thus autochthonous hepatitis E cases in Scandinavia, and there are probably many undiagnosed ones. Patients with hepatitis of unknown etiology should therefore be investigated for anti-HEV even if they have not been outside Europe, since infections acquired from pigs or other animals should be taken into consideration.

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“…For instance, foodborne transmission of HEV was described in Japan, where consumption of undercooked game meat and pig livers led to clinical disease in humans [5][6][7]. However, no source has yet been documented for any reported locally acquired case in Europe and the United States [8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bayesian estimation of hepatitis E virus seroprevalence for populations with different exposure levels to swine in The Netherlands

et al. 2007

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SUMMARYHepatitis E virus (HEV) is ubiquitous in pigs worldwide and may be zoonotic. Previous HEV seroprevalence estimates for groups of people working with swine were higher than for control groups. However, discordance among results of anti-HEV assays means that true seroprevalence estimates, i.e. seroprevalence due to previous exposure to HEV, depends on choice of seroassay. We tested blood samples from three subpopulations (49 swine veterinarians, 153 non-swine veterinarians and 644 randomly selected individuals from the general population) with one IgM and two IgG ELISAs, and subsets with IgG and/or IgM Western blots. A Bayesian stochastical model was used to combine results of all assays. The model accounted for imperfection of each assay by estimating sensitivity and specificity, and accounted for dependence between serological assays. As expected, discordance among assay results occurred. Applying the model yielded seroprevalence estimates of y11 % for swine veterinarians, y6% for non-swine veterinarians and y2% for the general population. By combining the results of five serological assays in a Bayesian stochastical model we confirmed that exposure to swine or their environment was associated with elevated HEV seroprevalence.

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Hepatitis E in the south west of France in individuals who have never visited an endemic area

Cited by 230 publications

References 39 publications

Hepatitis E: Epidemiology and Natural History

Hepatitis E: Epidemiology and Natural History

Endemic hepatitis E in two Nordic countries

Bayesian estimation of hepatitis E virus seroprevalence for populations with different exposure levels to swine in The Netherlands

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