Spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome in acute myeloid leukemia: Two cases and a review of the literature

Abstract

KEy wORdSspontaneous tumor lysis syndrome, acute spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome, urate nephropathy, tumor lysis syndrome, acute myeloid leukemia, acute renal failure, hyperuricemia ABStRActSpontaneous tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a constellation of electrolyte abnormalities and acute renal failure, which occurs in the setting of rapid cell turnover prior to the administration of cytotoxic chemotherapy. While spontaneous TLS is well described in patients with Burkitt's lymphoma, it is thought to occur less commonly in other hematologic malignancies. We present two cases of spontaneous TLS in patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) followed by a review of the literature in this field.

Tumor Lysis Syndrome in Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

“…All the patients sharedsimilarlaboratoryabnormalitieswithprofounddisturbances in the levels of potassium, calcium, phosphorus, and uricacid.Noneofthepatientshadanormalbaselineserum LDH,indicatingthatthecellularturnoverwasalreadyhighat thetimeofchemotherapyadministration.Table2summarizes themostrelevantlaboratoryvalues.Theprognosisisusually Keywords Tumor lysis syndrome · Small cell lung cancer · Spontaneous Introduction Tumorlysissyndrome(TLS)isoneoftheoncologicemergencies.Itresultsfromthelysisofalargenumberofmalignant cellswithreleaseofvariousanions,leadingtoprofoundmetabolic derangement and sometimes death [1,2]. It is usually encounteredinneoplasmscharacterizedbyhighcellularturnoverandpoordifferentiation,suchasaggressivehematologic malignancies,andcanoccureitherspontaneously,orshortly after the induction of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or cytolyticantibodytherapy [3][4][5].Inadditiontohematologicmalignancies,TLShasalsobeenreportedinawidevarietyofsolid tumors [1],suchassmallcelllungcancer(SCLC),malignant tumorsofthebreast,ovary,vulva,liver,skin,softtissue,and germ cells. In this report we present, to our knowledge, the first case of spontaneous TLS in a 75-year-old woman with metastaticSCLC,andreviewthe11reportedcasesofTLSin SCLCpatients.…”

Tumor lysis syndrome in patients with acute myeloid leukemia: identification of risk factors and development of a predictive model

“…As a result, only a small number of cases of spontaneous TLS have been described in AML. [25][26][27] Interestingly, in our study cohort, 25% of the cases of TLS (eight cases with CTLS and 24 cases with LTLS) occurred before the initiation of chemotherapy.…”

Acute Spontaneous Tumor Lysis Syndrome as the Initial Presentation of ALK-Positive Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

“…11 Acute spontaneous TLS (ASTLS) is a very rare disorder that was originally defined as a constellation of electrolyte abnormalities with acute renal injury, which occurs in the setting of rapid cell turnover before receiving cytoreductive therapies (including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and/or immunotherapy). 11,12 Similar to classic TLS, spontaneous tumor lysis has mostly been diagnosed cases of highly aggressive lymphoid malignancies of immature cellular components with no reported cases in chronic lymphoid/myeloid neoplasias. Hsu and Huang 13 described a case of ASTLS in a patent diagnosed with anaplastic large T-cell lymphoma, but most of the reports have been related to other types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma including Burkitt lymphoma/leukemia, other aggressive B-cell lymphomas with high replication rate, acute myelocitic/lymphocytic leukemias, and in some solid malignancies.…”