Spontaneous Renal Disease in Beaver in Louisiana

Stuart, Billy; Crowell, Wayne A.; Adams, W. V.; Morrow, Dan

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-14.2.250

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…This suggests that the Eurasian beaver can be exposed to serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae without fatal results and would support the view that other disease factors were at play in previously reported mortalities 7 23 . Other significant causes of infectious disease that were likely to have impacted negatively on the Netherlands’ reintroduction included coinfection with Yersinia species, and this combined with the physiological stress of translocation may have suppressed the immune system response, resulting in leptospirosis‐associated deaths, a finding supported by similar situations in North American beavers ( Castor canadensis ) where mortalities have occurred 7 24 25 …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Evidence of Leptospira species and their significance during reintroduction of Eurasian beavers (Castorfiber) to Great Britain

Girling

Goodman

Burr³

et al. 2019

Veterinary Record

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The Scottish Beaver Trial (SBT) reintroduced the Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber) in 2009 using wild-caught Norwegian beavers. This included a six-month prerelease quarantine in Devon, England. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and government guidelines for health screening were followed, including testing for Leptospira species. Unlicensed beavers, from Germany, were also identified in Scotland (Tayside) and Devon (later forming the River Otter Beaver Trial (ROBT)) and were health-screened under licence. Due to positive Leptospira species results and lack of prerelease screening in ROBT and Tayside, beavers from Germany and Norway (range sources) were screened. One hundred and fifty-six samples from 151 beavers were analysed by Leptospira species quantitative PCR (qPCR) (n=73 kidney (postmortem)/urine samples (antemortem)) or microscopic agglutination test (MAT, Leptospira pools 1–6) (n=83 serum samples). No beavers from Norway (95 per cent confidence interval (CI) 0–5.6 per cent, n=52), Tayside or SBT postrelease (95 per cent CI 0–4.6 per cent, n=63) tested positive. Seven beavers from Germany and Devon were positive. This gives an overall 9.3 per cent (95 per cent CI 5.2-15.1 per cent) exposure level, of which 4.6 per cent (95 per cent CI 1.9-9.3 per cent) suggested infection on a positive qPCR (n=1) or MAT titre of at least 1/400 (n=6), although none had abnormal physical, biochemical or haematological changes. This study suggests that Leptospira species infection in wild Eurasian beavers occurs at a low level, has no sex bias and does not appear to cause significant morbidity or mortality.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Evidence of Leptospira species and their significance during reintroduction of Eurasian beavers (Castorfiber) to Great Britain

Girling

Goodman

Burr³

et al. 2019

Veterinary Record

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“…Copenhageni showed negative MAT results for members of the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup but positive reactions against other serogroups, mainly the serogroup Australis but also Sejroe. Such paradoxical reactions are known to occur during the acute phase of infection because less specific antibodies are produced than during the convalescent phase; they could also be due to an anamnestic response, when the rise in antibodies is first directed against unrelated serovars from previous exposure (Levett, 2001 Infection with leptospires has previously been detected in both Eurasian and North American beavers, by serology, immunohistochemistry or bacterial isolation (Goodman et al, 2012;L opez-P erez et al, 2017;Nolet et al, 1997;Shearer, Harte, Ojkic, Delay, & Campbell, 2014;Stuart et al, 1978;Woll et al, 2012). However, infection associated with clinical disease has only been reported once.…”

Section: Simultaneous Positive Mat Results Against Different Serovarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alternatively, kidney fibrosis could be a process independent from the leptospiral infection. Subacute to chronic interstitial nephritis was described in North American beavers ( Castor canadensis Kuhl, 1820) negative for leptospirosis and proposed to be secondary to parasitism due to the eosinophilic and monocytic character of the inflammation (Stuart, Crowell, Adams, & Morrow, ). These cells, however, were not observed in our cases, suggesting that subacute to chronic kidney lesions noted in beavers of our and the former study were likely related to different renal diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Infection with leptospires has previously been detected in both Eurasian and North American beavers, by serology, immunohistochemistry or bacterial isolation (Goodman et al., ; López‐Pérez et al., ; Nolet et al., ; Shearer, Harte, Ojkic, Delay, & Campbell, ; Stuart et al., ; Woll et al., ). However, infection associated with clinical disease has only been reported once.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fatal leptospirosis in free-ranging Eurasian beavers (Castor fiberL.), Switzerland

Marreros

Zürcher-Giovannini

Origgi

et al. 2018

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Leptospirosis was first diagnosed in free-ranging Eurasian beavers (Castor fiber L.) in Switzerland in 2010. Pathologic, serologic, molecular and epidemiologic analyses were carried out on 13 animals submitted for necropsy from 2010 through 2014. Typical lesions included alveolar haemorrhages in the lungs, tubular degeneration and interstitial nephritis in the kidneys. Microscopic agglutination test results were positive for serogroups Icterohaemorrhagiae, Australis, Autumnalis and Sejroe. Molecular analysis identified four distinct profiles belonging to serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae or Copenhageni. The severity and features of the lesions were consistent with a fatal disease associated with leptospires similarly to what has been reported in other animals and humans. The spatiotemporal occurrence of leptospirosis in beavers suggested an upstream spread of the bacteria and coincided with an increased incidence of leptospirosis in dogs and a case cluster in humans. However, an epidemiologic link among beaver cases and among species was not supported neither by the serologic nor molecular data.

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“…Spec i es (Stuart et al 1978) and armadillos (Dasypus noremcinctus) (Stuart et al 1977). (Shaw and Neiland 1973).…”

Section: Miscellaneous Diseasesunclassified

Alaskan Wildlife Diseases

Fowler¹,

Dieterich²

1981

The Journal of Zoo Animal Medicine

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Spontaneous Renal Disease in Beaver in Louisiana

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Evidence of Leptospira species and their significance during reintroduction of Eurasian beavers (Castorfiber) to Great Britain

Evidence of Leptospira species and their significance during reintroduction of Eurasian beavers (Castorfiber) to Great Britain

Fatal leptospirosis in free-ranging Eurasian beavers (Castor fiberL.), Switzerland

Alaskan Wildlife Diseases

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