Spontaneous Locomotor Activity and Life Span

Lints, F.A.; Bourg, Éric Le; Lints, C.V.

doi:10.1159/000212660

Cited by 30 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The ROL hypothesis and the involvement of oxygen metabolism in the aging process have been criticized for several ostensible flaws 91, 92 . A frequently stated objection, which is asserted to be incompatible with the hypothesis, is that birds and bats have longer life spans than mammals of similar body mass and metabolic rate 91 .…”

Section: Oxygen Utilization and The Aging Process: The Rate-of-livingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The redox stress hypothesis of aging

Sohal

Orr

2012

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

417

343

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The main objective of this review is to examine the role of the endogenous reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS) in the aging process. Until relatively recently, ROS were considered to be potentially toxic by-products of aerobic metabolism, which, if not eliminated, may inflict structural damage on various macromolecules. Accrual of such damage over time was postulated to be responsible for the physiological deterioration in the post-reproductive phase of life and eventually the death of the organism. This “structural damage-based oxidative stress” hypothesis has received support from the age-associated increases in the rates of ROS production and the steady-state amounts of oxidized macromolecules; however, there are increasing indications that structural damage alone is insufficient to satisfactorily explain the age-associated functional losses. The level of oxidative damage, accrued during aging, often does not match the magnitude of functional losses. Although experimental augmentations of antioxidant defenses tend to enhance resistance to induced oxidative stress, such manipulations are generally ineffective in the extension of life span of long-lived strains of animals. More recently, in a major conceptual shift, ROS have been found to be physiologically vital for signal transduction, gene regulation and redox regulation, among others, implying that their complete elimination would be harmful. An alternative notion, advocated here, termed “redox stress hypothesis”, proposes that aging-associated functional losses are primarily caused by a progressive pro-oxidizing shift in the redox state of the cells, which leads to the over-oxidation of redox-sensitive protein thiols and the consequent disruption of the redox-regulated signaling mechanisms.

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Section: Oxygen Utilization and The Aging Process: The Rate-of-livingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The redox stress hypothesis of aging

Sohal

Orr

2012

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

417

343

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“…However, long‐lived lines of flies have been reported to have the same metabolic rate (μl O 2 /mg/h) as short‐lived ones and thus a higher lifetime metabolic potential (ml O 2 /mg/lifetime) [4]. In the same way, there is no correlation between the activity score at young age [5], or the mean lifetime activity score (e.g. [6]), and longevity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Oxidative stress, aging and longevity in Drosophila melanogaster

Bourg

2001

FEBS Letters

113

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Free radicals produced during normal metabolism cause damage to macromolecules. The free radical theory of aging proposes that the organism is unable to repair all of them and that, with time, unrepaired damages accumulate and put the organism at risk: in other words, free radicals provoke aging and death. This article reviews both the results of adding antioxidants to food on longevity in Drosophila melanogaster, as well as the studies on antioxidant enzymes (inactivation in vivo, null mutants, overexpression). It is concluded that antioxidant enzymes are probably poorly connected to the normal aging process, but they allow the organism to cope with stressful conditions. ß

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“…As flies age, their exploratory locomotor activity (Le Bourg, 1983) and negative geotaxis behavior (Grotewiel et al, 2005) gradually decrease. However, there seems to be no significant correlation between the amount a fly moves and their eventual lifespan (Lints et al, 1984;Le Bourg, 1987). There are significant sex differences in aging-related changes to locomotor activity; female motor activity declines earlier in life than male (Lints et al, 1984).…”

Section: Use Of Drosophila Melanogaster To Understand Aging Effectsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…However, there seems to be no significant correlation between the amount a fly moves and their eventual lifespan (Lints et al, 1984;Le Bourg, 1987). There are significant sex differences in aging-related changes to locomotor activity; female motor activity declines earlier in life than male (Lints et al, 1984). Aging also affects sensory responses and learning behaviors such as those seen in olfactory avoidance in flies (Tamura et al, 2003).…”

Section: Use Of Drosophila Melanogaster To Understand Aging Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drosophila melanogaster as a model to study age and sex differences in brain injury and neurodegeneration after mild head trauma

Behnke

Hardin

et al. 2023

Front. Neurosci.

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Repetitive physical insults to the head, including those that elicit mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), are a known risk factor for a variety of neurodegenerative conditions including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Although most individuals who sustain mTBI typically achieve a seemingly full recovery within a few weeks, a subset experience delayed-onset symptoms later in life. As most mTBI research has focused on the acute phase of injury, there is an incomplete understanding of mechanisms related to the late-life emergence of neurodegeneration after early exposure to mild head trauma. The recent adoption of Drosophila-based brain injury models provides several unique advantages over existing preclinical animal models, including a tractable framework amenable to high-throughput assays and short relative lifespan conducive to lifelong mechanistic investigation. The use of flies also provides an opportunity to investigate important risk factors associated with neurodegenerative conditions, specifically age and sex. In this review, we survey current literature that examines age and sex as contributing factors to head trauma-mediated neurodegeneration in humans and preclinical models, including mammalian and Drosophila models. We discuss similarities and disparities between human and fly in aging, sex differences, and pathophysiology. Finally, we highlight Drosophila as an effective tool for investigating mechanisms underlying head trauma-induced neurodegeneration and for identifying therapeutic targets for treatment and recovery.

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Spontaneous Locomotor Activity and Life Span

Cited by 30 publications

References 21 publications

The redox stress hypothesis of aging

The redox stress hypothesis of aging

Oxidative stress, aging and longevity in Drosophila melanogaster

Drosophila melanogaster as a model to study age and sex differences in brain injury and neurodegeneration after mild head trauma

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