Spontaneous Cross-linking for Fabrication of Nanohybrids Embedded with Size-Controllable Particles

Abstract

This paper reports a versatile method to fabricate robust carbon/metal hybrids with ultrasmall particle and highly developed porous structure through a scalable and facile way. Alginate is used as the precursor for it could perform cross-linking reaction with different polyvalent metal ions to form gels. After simple freeze-drying and carbonization of the alginate-derived gels, we obtained the carbon/metal hybrids with fine nanostructure. Eleven kinds of metal ions were introduced to form gels and five kinds of the gels were carbonized to produce the carbon/metal hybrids. By adjusting the reaction condition, we could tune the size of the nanoparticles in the obtained hybrids. The obtained SnO2/C hybrid shows outstanding specific capacity, rate performance, and long cycle life when it is used as the anode materials of lithium ion batteries. The ultrasmall active nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed within an interconnected pore framework. It ensured a short diffusion and transportation distance of electrolyte ions to the surfaces of active nanoparticles. In addition, the robust carbon framework comprises of quasigraphitic carbon layers. It contributed to the high rate performance by providing excellent conductive pathways for electrons within the electrodes. This work provides a general method for fabrication of carbon/metal (oxide) hybrids with fine nanostructure for application in energy storage.

Ultrafine SnO2 Nanocrystals Self‐Anchored in Carbon for Stable Lithium Storage

“…The obvious cathodic peak at 0.836 V in the first negative scan is attributed to the reduction of SnO 2 to Sn with the synchronous formation of Li 2 O [Eq. (1)] . This peak shifts to more positive potential and shows an apparent drop in current intensity after the first cycle, corresponding to the reduction reaction .…”

Standardization, Calibration, and Evaluation of Tantalum-Nano rGO-SnO2 Composite as a Possible Candidate Material in Humidity Sensors

“…As shown in Figure 8, a slight variation in impedance was observed with the passage of time, proving that the rGO-SnO 2 sensor has good stability and durability at high humidity. This is highly probably due to the cross-linked porous framework of the rGO-SnO 2 [50], which could effectively prevent the composites from dissolving in the adsorbed water and immobilize the functional molecules (rGO) in the pores.…”

Confined SnO2 quantum-dot clusters in graphene sheets as high-performance anodes for lithium-ion batteries

“…Anode materials with high capacities and excellent cycling stability have been searched for more than ten years 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 to replace the conventionally used graphite which possess a low theoretical capacity of 372 mAh g −1 in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). With high theoretical capacities (~1000 mAh g −1 ), many metal oxides are deemed as the promising materials for next-generation LIB anode 4 5 6 7 8 9 .…”