Sponge-Associated Actinobacteria: Morphological Character and Antibacterial Activity against Pathogenic Bacteria

Abstract

Sponge-associated actinobacteria may diverse and have potency to produce bioactive compounds. Diversity and antimicrobial activity of indigenous sponge-associated actinobacteria isolated from the marine ecosystem in Indonesia have not much been explored. This work aimed to assess morphological and antibacterial activity of sponge-associated actinobacteria. The morphological characteristics were examined based on their color of aerial and substrate mycelia, and pigmentation, while antibacterial activities were assayed using the antagonist technique. The selected actinobacterial isolate was identified using 16S rRNA gene. Various sponge-associated actinobacteria were successfully isolated from Hyrtios sp., Callyspongia sp., and Neofibularia sp. sponges. A total of 62 actinobacterial isolates were obtained, and each isolate showed a variety of morphological characters, which could be seen in aerial mass color, substrate mass color, and pigmentation. Actinobacterial isolates were tested against human pathogenic bacteria, i.e. Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus, representing Gram-positive, and Escherichia coli EPEC K1-1 and Shigella dysenteriae, representing Gram-negative. Most of actinobacterial isolates had antimicrobial activities at least against one of pathogenic bacteria. High activity was shown by NOHa.2, isolated from Neofibularia, and HRHa.5 isolated from Hyrtios. The NOHa.2 showed the highest antimicrobial activity against S. dysenteriae, meanwhile, HRHa.5 showed antimicrobial activity against 3 of 4 tested bacterial pathogens. These data showed diversity of sponge-asccociated actinobacteria from marine ecosystem in Indonesia, and several of them have potency as source of antibacterial compounds

A Mini Review on Analysis of Potential Antibacterial Activity of Symbiotic Bacteria from Indonesian Freshwater Sponge: An Unexplored and A Hidden Potency

“…Moreover, it was recorded that symbionts from the phylum Cyanobacteria produce PKS I, while symbionts from the phyla Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria produce NRPS/PKS hybrid. The abundance of bioactive compounds should be considered since sponge symbionts have exhibited antibacterial and antifungal properties i.e., productions of antibacterial compounds commonly utilize bacteria from Actinobacteria phylum, as well as bacteria from Genus Bacillus and Pseudomonas because those bacteria are exhibited antibacterial properties (Dita et al 2017; Lee 2020)…”

Bioactivity Profiles of Actinobacterium Strain BTA 1-131 (InaCC A1205) Isolated from Indonesian Sponge Melophlus sarassinorum

“…There are reports on the potential of sponge-associated microorganisms from Indonesia and their potential as compound producers, such as alkaloids (Waters et al, 2014), as well as flavonoids, steroids, and tannins (Prastya et al, 2019). Additionally, studies reported the potential of sponge-associated bacteria from Indonesia as producers of antimicrobial (Dita et al, 2017) and antimalarial compounds (Waters et al, 2014).…”

Inhibition of secondary metabolite extract of Streptomyces sp. on Plasmodium falciparum in vitro: A study of soil sediment of Papua's Hamadi mangrove forest

“…Most of the compositions released by the Actinomycetes have antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, anticancer or antimalarial activity. 6 The highest amount of natural secondary metabolite products are extracted from the genera: Nocardiopsis, Micromonospora, Salinispora, and Pseudonocardia. The genus Micromonospora is revealed as the richest source of bioactive natural products that are chemically diverse and specific.…”