Spondilitis Tuberkulosis

Abstract

Spondilitis tuberkulosis adalah infeksi pada tulang belakang yang disebabkan oleh kuman Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Sejak obat anti tuberkulosis dikembangkan dan peningkatan kesehatan masyarakat, tuberkulosis tulang belakang menjadi menurun di daerah negara industri, meskipun tetap menjadi penyebab yang bermakna di negara berkembang. Gejala yang ditimbulkan antara lain demam, keringat terutama malam hari, penurunan berat badan dan nafsu makan, terdapat masa di tulang belakang, kiposis, kadang-kadang berhubungan dengan kelemahan dari tungkai dan paraplegi. Spondilitis tuberkulosis dapat menjadi sangat destruktif. Berkembangnya tuberkulosis di tulang belakang berpotensi meningkatkan morbiditas, termasuk defisit neurologi yang permanen dan deformitas yang berat. Pengobatan medikamentosa atau kombinasi antara medis dan bedah dapat mengendalikan penyakit spondilitis tuberkulosis pada beberapa pasien

Clinical manifestations and prognosis of tuberculous spondylitis in an adolescent with disseminated tuberculosis: a case report

“…8 A review article also described that the clinical manifestations of TB spondylitis included fever of unknown origin (for three months), painless superficial lymphadenopathy, cough for more than 30 days, recurrent diarrhea that was not resolved by therapy, mass in the abdomen, signs of fluid accumulation in the abdomen, deformity of vertebrae (kyphosis) in 80% of cases caused by the formation of gibbus, paraplegia in the early onset or even in the healed patient (late-onset), and cold abscess. 6 In line with previous studies, our patient first presented with lymphadenopathy in the neck, followed by systemic symptoms such as fever and body weight loss. The deformity of vertebrae occurred after 3 months of the onset of lymphadenopathy.…”

“…5 Spinal involvement in TB spondylitis is usually caused by the hematogenous spread of M. tuberculosis from a primary source into the dense vasculature of the cancellous bone of the vertebral bodies. 6 The incidence of TB spondylitis in children varies from 58% in Korea, 33% in India, and 26% in Hong Kong. 7 The clinical manifestations of TB spondylitis are fever, back pain, paraparesis, disturbance of sensory function, and autonomic dysfunction (bowel and bladder dysfunction).…”

Injectable isoniazid-loaded bone cement based on hydrazone bonds achieving long-term release and decent mechanical properties

“…1,2 In 2019, World Health Organization (WHO) reported 10 million clinical cases of TB and approximately 1.4 million TB-related deaths. 3 The incidence of extrapulmonary TB is 25–30%, with 5–10% occurring in bones and joints and the most aggressive type occurring in the spine and weight-bearing bones 4,5 and can lead to serious complications such as bone destruction, permanent spinal deformities or paraplegia. 6…”

The Role of Doxycycline as an MMP-9 Inhibitor in Tuberculosis Spondylitis Infection in the Rabbit Model

“…Extrapulmonary tuberculosis can occur in 25%-30% of children infected with TB. Bone and joint TB occurs in 5%-10% of infected children, and most often occurs within 1 year, but can also occur 2-3 years later (Paramarta, 2008).…”

“…In HIV-positive patients, we know the incidence of TB to be 500 times higher than in the HIV-negative population. On the other hand, approximately 25 -50 percent of new TB cases in the United States are HIV positive (Paramarta, 2008., Leibert et al, 2017.…”