Split-parallel through-the-road hybrid electric vehicle: Operation, power flow and control modes

Abstract

A split-parallel hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a particular sub-type of the HEV in which the internal combustion engine (ICE) and electric motor provide propulsion power to different axles. Due to the coupling of power through the vehicle itself, its wheels and the road on which it moves -rather than through some mechanical device -the vehicle is referred to as a 'through-the-road' (TTR) hybrid. A variant of the TTR hybrid has the motors in the hub of the otherwise non-driven wheels, called in-wheel motors (IWM). This configuration enables an existing vehicle to be converted into a hybrid vehicle with minimal modification. The present work identifies specific operating modes and power flow of the TTR-IWM hybrid, specifically a retrofit-conversion hybrid, in comparison to the ordinary parallel hybrid vehicle. It discusses control architecture, control objectives and system parameters, along with specific control issues of the retrofit TTR-IWM hybrid vehicle.Keywords-HEV, split-parallel configuration, through-the-road hybrid; operating mode of split-parallel hybrid; control of split-parallel hybrid; in-wheel motors.

A Comprehensive Analytical Study of Electric Vehicle’s Dynamics and its Essential Parameters

“…The device. Power needed to move a vehicle forward at a constant speed is equal to product of F and v [11]. In an equation:…”

System Integration in a Through-the-Road, In-Wheel Motor Hybrid Electric Vehicle Using FPGA-Based CompactRIO and LabVIEW

“…Along with other inputs, the TPS signal is used in the ECU of a conventional vehicle to determine fuel injection and ignition parameters, which directly affect engine power output. In a hybrid powertrain, the same TPS signal will be processed by the EMS to produce power commands to both the ECU and motor controllers (Zulkifli et al, 2015).…”

“…The EMS control strategy is equally significant -to control operational status and power distribution between the two propulsion sources, in order to optimize fuel consumption and have a self-sustaining energy storage, since the vehicle is a non-plug-in hybrid (no external charging). The EMS receives inputs of throttle position and brake pedal request directly from the respective sensors (analog signal), engine rpm and vehicle speed from the instrument panel (digital pulse-train), fuel consumption from the fuel flowmeter (digital pulse), battery state of charge (SOC) and various motor parameters from the motor controllers (CAN bus) (Zulkifli et al, 2015).…”

A comprehensive review on hybrid electric vehicles: architectures and components

“…While analyzing the effect of different functions on energy management strategies apropos of both architectures, the parallel configuration was found to be superior [14]. In [15,16], power split was considered for the analysis of the through-the-road (TTR) architecture, a subcategory of parallel architecture. In [17], the split-parallel architecture for TTR and its control challenges are detailed.…”