Splanchnic Anæsthesia in the Treatment of Paralytic Ileus

David, Vernon C.; Loring, Mark

doi:10.1097/00000658-193010000-00023

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…In its acute phase, postoperative ileus is relieved by sympathectomy or splanchnic anaesthesia 95,96 or by inhibition of transmission from the postganglionic neurons 97,98 . Spinal anaesthesia or sympathetic blockade is less effective when ileus results from severe and widespread peritonitis 99,100 . In particular, prolonged ileus involves an inflammatory infiltration of the external musculature and myenteric plexus region, is not relieved by blocking noradrenergic transmission, but is reduced by opiates 100 …”

Section: Further Evidence Of Involvement Of Sympathetic Pathways In Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…97,98 Spinal anaesthesia or sympathetic blockade is less effective when ileus results from severe and widespread peritonitis. 99,100 In particular, prolonged ileus involves an inflammatory infiltration of the external musculature and myenteric plexus region, is not relieved by blocking noradrenergic transmission, but is reduced by opiates. 100…”

Section: Postoperative Ileusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The participation of the sympathetic innervation of the gastrointestinal tract in disease states

Lomax

Sharkey

Furness

2009

Neurogastroenterology Motil

136

132

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Knowledge of neural circuits, neurotransmitters and receptors involved in the sympathetic regulation of gastrointestinal (GI) function is well established. However, it is only recently that the interaction of sympathetic neurons, and of sympathetic transmitters, with the GI immune system and with gut flora has begun to be explored. Changes in the behaviour of sympathetic nerves when gut function is compromised, for example in ileus and in inflammation, have been observed, but the roles of the sympathetic innervation in these and other pathologies are not adequately understood. In this article, we first review the principal roles of the sympathetic innervation of the GI tract in controlling motility, fluid exchange and gut blood flow in healthy individuals. We then discuss the evidence that there are important interactions of sympathetic transmitters with the gut immune system and enteric glia, and evidence that inflammation has substantial effects on sympathetic neurons. These reciprocal interactions contribute to pathological changes in ways that are not yet clarified. Finally, we focus on inflammation, diabetes and postoperative ileus as conditions in which there is sympathetic involvement in compromised gut function.

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