Spirometric standards for non-smokers and smokers of India(eastern region).

Abstract

Three hundred thirty-four healthy male non-smokers and 300 healthy male smokers of the age range 20-60 years were investigated for their spirometric lung functions by the method and technique recommended by American Thoracic Society. It was found that FVC, FEVI, FEVI %, FEF2oo -1 ,200, FEF25 _ 75 ~o, FEF75 _ 85 ~o, MVV, and PEFR were significantly lower in smokers. When the subjects were blocked into several half decades these differences persisted. These functions deteriorated with age both in smokers and non-smokers, but in the former group the functions were reduced to a greater extent. Significant negative correlation was obtained between lung functions and smoking histories. Separate multiple regression equations were developed separately for non-smokers and smokers. The sensitivity of the tests was determined. The FEF25 _ 75 ~o and FEVI were found to be most sensitive in detecting early airway obstruction. When comparison of lung function was made among American, European, Jordanian, Negro, and Pakistani subjects, it was found that the former three groups are superior to the remaining. Negroes and Pakistanis are comparable to Indians in respect to their lung function. These differences in these functions between the nations of developed countries and the underdeveloped or developing countries might be attributable to the differences in their life-style, physical activity status, nutritional status, environmental condition, and race and ethnicity. The spirometric functions of Indians in the Eastern region of India are comparable to North-West Indians and superior to Southern Indians.

Effect of smoking on PEFR: a comparative study among smokers and non smokers in an urban slum community of Hyderabad, India

“…25 Chatterji S et al found that value of MVV and PEFR is significantly lower in smokers than non smokers. 26 Padmavathi KM et al reported that MVV showed significant reduction (p <0.0001) in smokers than non smokers possible due to reduction in respiratory muscle strength. 27 Mead et al showed that with increasing resistance at the mouth there was a decline in PEFR.…”

Effect of Smoking on Maximum Voluntary Ventilation

“…Chatterjee S, Nag SK et al (1988) 13 studied on 334 healthy male non-smokers and 300 healthy male smokers of the age range of 20-60 years and found that value of MVV and PEFR is significantly lower in smokers than non-smokers.…”

Reference equation for spirometry interpretation for Eastern India

“…In fact, despite being limited by methodological differences, there are studies that have proposed different equations for the various regions of India. [ 3 4 5 6 7 8 ] A study that has compared these regression equations has shown that the Eastern Indian population has similar lung functions to Northern India while Western and Southern Indian people had similar but lower spirometry values. [ 9 ] Therefore, selection of the correct regression equation is of paramount importance and the use of inappropriate equations may lead to misinterpretation of spirometric data.…”

“…So far, eastern India has one study each on males and females that have proposed equations for calculating reference values for forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV 1 ) and forced vital capacity (FVC). [ 3 4 ] These studies are however approximately two decades old and both are single-center studies. Hence, it is likely that these equations may no longer be relevant in the context of changed environmental and socioeconomic conditions in India making a multicenter study necessary in the present socioeconomic and environmental milieu.…”