Spirochetal infections

Weedon, David

doi:10.1016/b978-0-7020-3485-5.00025-5

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 189 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Late external lesions of syphilis represent either residual effects of the healing of secondary lesions or late "syphilids" (any cutaneous or mucosal lesion of tertiary syphilis) (18, 26, 70, 198). Gummas are generally solitary, start as deep swellings that eventually ulcerate.…”

Section: The Pathology Of Human Syphilismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Immunopathobiology of Syphilis: The Manifestations and Course of Syphilis Are Determined by the Level of Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity

Carlson

Dabiri²,

Cribier³

et al. 2011

The American Journal of Dermatopathology

158

136

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Syphilis has plagued mankind for centuries and is currently resurgent in the Western hemisphere. While there has been a significant reduction of tertiary disease, and recognition of facilitative interactions with HIV infection, the natural history of syphilis has remained largely unchanged; thus, new strategies are required to more effectively combat this pathogen. The immunopathologic features of experimental syphilis in the rabbit; the course, stages, and pathology of human syphilis; and a comparison of human syphilis with leprosy suggest that the clinical course of syphilis and its tissue manifestations are determined by the balance between delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) and humoral immunity to the causative agent, Treponema pallidum. A strong DTH response is associated with clearance of the infecting organisms in a well-developed chancre, whereas a cytotoxic T-cell response or strong humoral antibody response is associated with prolonged infection and progression to tertiary disease. Many of the protean symptoms/appearances of secondary and tertiary human syphilis are manifestations of immune reactions that fail to clear the organism, due to a lack of recruitment and more importantly, activation of macrophages by sensitized CD4 T-cells. The Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccination can enhance DTH and has been shown to produce a low, but measurable beneficial effect in the prevention of leprosy, a disease that shows a disease spectrum with characteristics in common with syphilis. In the prevention of syphilis, a potential vaccine protective against syphilis should be designed to augment the DTH response.

show abstract

Section: The Pathology Of Human Syphilismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Immunopathobiology of Syphilis: The Manifestations and Course of Syphilis Are Determined by the Level of Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity

Carlson

Dabiri²,

Cribier³

et al. 2011

The American Journal of Dermatopathology

158

136

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Subsequently, we analyzed a few histological clues that could have been of help in differentiating this disease from both other major diagnostic options (Table 1). 1–4 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequently, we analyzed a few histological clues that could have been of help in differentiating this disease from both other major diagnostic options ( Table 1). [1][2][3][4] This immunohistochemical method has proven to be more sensitive and specific than histopathological and silver stains, and it may be very helpful in those patients in which serological assays fail to detect T. pallidum antibodies (especially, HIV-infected and other immunosupressed individuals). [5][6][7] Oral manifestations of secondary syphilis are present in more than one-third of patients presenting with the characteristic skin rash.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%