Spirituality and well-being: an exploratory study of the patient perspective

Daaleman, Timothy P.; Cobb, Ann Kuckelman; Frey, Bruce B.

doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(00)00439-1

Cited by 108 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Hope is the next most significant predictor of life satisfaction, in line with research on general populations where hopeful individuals cope better with stressors (Snyder, 2000). Hopefulness, as measured here, is a goal-directed thinking process in which people believe they can produce workable routes to their desired goals and are motivated to keep working to achieve these goals (Diener, 2000), hence its value as a motivator when dealing with recurrent depression.Spirituality is the next positive predictor of life satisfaction, and this fits with previous research on undergraduates (Daaleman et al, 2001). Although researchers have written a great deal about the importance of spirituality for mental health, obtaining empirical validation with a patient population in this study is novel.…”

supporting

confidence: 76%

A feasibility study of psychological strengths and well-being assessment in individuals living with recurrent depression

Macaskill

2012

The Journal of Positive Psychology

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Current conceptualizations of mental illness focus on assessing psychopathology. A balanced approach would assess strengths that individuals bring to coping with illness. This study measures psychological strengths in individuals with recurrent depression, their coping strategies, and their perceptions of the usefulness of strengths assessment as a component of psychological assessment. Individuals (N =112) with recurrent depression completed an online questionnaire measuring strengths. A subset (n =10) completed a follow-up telephone interview. Higher levels of gratitude, self-forgiveness, hope, and spirituality and lower levels of optimism were indicative of higher life satisfaction. The predictors of happiness on the depression/ happiness scale were self-forgiveness, spirituality, and gratitude. Higher levels of hope and self-forgiveness predicted positive affect while lower levels of self-forgiveness predicted negative affect. Participants used a range of coping resources and they valued strengths assessment, seeing the two-continua model of mental health assessment as empowering. The researcher discusses implications for clinical practice.Keywords: recurrent depression; psychological strengths; life satisfaction; happiness; coping strategies; positive psychology Depression, coping and character strengths Current conceptualizations of mental health focus predominantly on the absence of psychopathology and the associated reduction in suffering. Although this approach has been fruitful in developing our understanding and treatment of psychological conditions, little attention has focused on fostering positive mental health (Seligman, 2005). Positive psychologists now argue that mental health is not just the absence of psychopathology but includes positive feelings of well-being ((Maddux, 2005;Maddux, Snyder, & Lopez, 2004;Keyes, 2002Keyes, , 2005Wright, 2002). This two continua model of mental health asserts that individuals can experience positive well-being concurrently with psychopathology (Keyes, Shmotkin, & Ryff, 2000;Westerhof & Keyes, 2010). The challenge for psychology is how to develop ways of improving well-being especially for those living with chronic psychological conditions. Researchers suggest that psychological strengths that the person brings to dealing with their condition should be assessed (Maddux, 2002;Maddux, Snyder, & Lopez, 2004;Wright, 2002). This would provide a more balanced approach to mental health assessment than the current pathology models but it could be difficult for patients to accept given their current socialization into the pathology model (Maddux, 2005). Strengthsfinder in an applied occupational or educational context conceptualizes strengths as talents, "as naturally recurring patterns of thought, feeling, or behavior that can be productively applied" (Hodges & Clifton, 2004, p. 257). The Gallup researchers used an inductive approach to develop the Strengthsfinder, conducting thousands of semi-structured personal interviews with top performers to identify the ta...

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confidence: 76%

A feasibility study of psychological strengths and well-being assessment in individuals living with recurrent depression

Macaskill

2012

The Journal of Positive Psychology

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“…This process, going from the definition of spirituality to the definition of an instrument to assess spirituality, has previously been adopted in the development of other spirituality assessment instruments (e.g. The spirituality Index of Well-Being [44,45]) and strengthens the relevance of the instrument. Finally, face validity and acceptability in experienced chaplains were assessed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The spiritual distress assessment tool: an instrument to assess spiritual distress in hospitalised elderly persons

et al. 2010

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BackgroundAlthough spirituality is usually considered a positive resource for coping with illness, spiritual distress may have a negative influence on health outcomes. Tools are needed to identify spiritual distress in clinical practice and subsequently address identified needs. This study describes the first steps in the development of a clinically acceptable instrument to assess spiritual distress in hospitalized elderly patients.MethodsA three-step process was used to develop the Spiritual Distress Assessment Tool (SDAT): 1) Conceptualisation by a multidisciplinary group of a model (Spiritual Needs Model) to define the different dimensions characterizing a patient's spirituality and their corresponding needs; 2) Operationalisation of the Spiritual Needs Model within geriatric hospital care leading to a set of questions (SDAT) investigating needs related to each of the defined dimensions; 3) Qualitative assessment of the instrument's acceptability and face validity in hospital chaplains.ResultsFour dimensions of spirituality (Meaning, Transcendence, Values, and Psychosocial Identity) and their corresponding needs were defined. A formalised assessment procedure to both identify and subsequently score unmet spiritual needs and spiritual distress was developed. Face validity and acceptability in clinical practice were confirmed by chaplains involved in the focus groups.ConclusionsThe SDAT appears to be a clinically acceptable instrument to assess spiritual distress in elderly hospitalised persons. Studies are ongoing to investigate the psychometric properties of the instrument and to assess its potential to serve as a basis for integrating the spiritual dimension in the patient's plan of care.

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“…Em 17 pesquisas foram utilizados softwares para análise de dados qualitativos, com destaque para o Ethnograph (Arcury et al, 2004;Broom, Whittaker, 2004;Savoca, Miller, Quandt, 2004;MercadoMartinez, Ramos-Herrera, 2002;Liburd et al, 1999) e o NUD.IST (Lawton et al, 2005;Sarkadi, Rosenqvist, 2003;Daaleman, Cobb, Frey, 2001;Samuel-Hodge et al, 2000;Loewe et al, 1998), seguidos pelo Atlas.ti (Cabassa et al, 2008;Lutfey, Freese, 2007) e pelo NVivo (Polzer, Miles, 2007;Lawton, Peel, Parry, 2008).…”

Section: Metamétodounclassified

“…Em geral, as análises sobre pacientes adotaram, pelo menos, um dos seguintes recortes: a) étnico/racial (Cabassa et al, 2008;Struthers et al, 2008;Polzer, Miles, 2007;Naemiratch, Manderson, 2006;Chesla, Chun, 2005;Lawton et al, 2005;Arcury, et al, 2004;Aikins, 2002;Egede, 2002;Daaleman, Cobb, Frey, 2001 Alguns estudos sobre pacientes os selecionaram segundo características clínicas, enfocando pacientes não insulino-dependentes (Schoenberg, Amey, Coward, 1998) ou com um determinado nível de controle glicêmico (Garcia et al, 2007;Zoffmann, Kirkevold, 2005;Savoca, Miller, Quandt, 2004), ou ainda segundo a sua vulnerabilidade (Ciechanowski, Katon, 2006;Williams, 2002). Dois estudos privilegiaram o recorte etário (Mulvaney et al, 2006;Schoenberg, Amey, Coward, 1998) e um, o fato de o paciente ser portador de necessidades especiais (Williams, 2002).…”

Section: Meta-análise De Dadosunclassified

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Evidence produced by qualitative investigations on type 2 diabetes: a review of the literature

Castellanos

Barros

Spadacio

et al. 2011

Interface (Botucatu)

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Type 2 diabetes has a major impact on patients lives and the healthcare network. Given the growth in qualitative information on diabetes, it becomes important to systematize this knowledge. A meta-study on diabetes was conducted through analysis on 42 articles that were made in journals at the periodicals portal of the Coordination Office for Advancement of Higher-level Personnel (Capes). We found that the studies reviewed had a good theoretical basis, which included: care management, health-disease concepts, professional-patient relationships, professional practices and treatment compliance. The articles clearly described the methodological procedures used. The use of interviews and focal groups for data gathering predominated, and it was sought to explore different views of the individuals investigated. It was reaffirmed that it was important for health professionals and managers to implement healthcare policies, programs and models that are appropriate for the specific features of chronic illness, guided by comprehensive care and co-responsibility.

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Spirituality and well-being: an exploratory study of the patient perspective

Cited by 108 publications

References 16 publications

A feasibility study of psychological strengths and well-being assessment in individuals living with recurrent depression

A feasibility study of psychological strengths and well-being assessment in individuals living with recurrent depression

The spiritual distress assessment tool: an instrument to assess spiritual distress in hospitalised elderly persons

Evidence produced by qualitative investigations on type 2 diabetes: a review of the literature

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