Spiral stir bar sorptive extraction with polyaniline‐polydimethylsiloxane sol‐gel packings for the analysis of trace estrogens in environmental water and animal‐derived food samples

Abstract

A spiral stir bar was proposed by using stainless steel spring as the extraction phase carrier to avoid the extraction phase friction and increase the amount of extraction phase for improving extraction efficiency. The extraction phase is filled in the cavity of the spring, resulting in a larger amount of the extraction phase than that conventionally coated on glass stir bar or stainless steel wire. Polyaniline‐polydimethylsiloxane sol‐gel packed spiral stir bar was prepared and evaluated for the extraction of five estrogens. The prepared spiral stir bar presented good extraction efficiency/preparation reproducibility and long lifetime (more than 150 reused times) for target estrogens. Based on it, a method of spiral stir bar sorptive extraction combined with high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra‐violet detection was developed for the analysis of trace estrogens in environmental and food samples. The detection limit for five estrogens was 0.11–.31 µg/L, with the enrichment factors of 83.0–118‐fold (maximal enrichment factor: 200‐fold). The reproducibility evaluated with each estrogen of 5 µg/L (n = 5) was 5.8–8.9%. The method was successfully applied for the determination of estrogens in environmental water and animal‐derived food samples.

A membrane solid‐phase extraction method based on MIL‐53‐mixed‐matrix membrane for the determination of estrogens and parabens: Polyvinylidene difluoride membrane versus polystyrene‐block‐polybutadiene membrane

“…Compared with the gradient elution approach often used in multi‐target analysis, the isocratic elution method is more convenient. Moreover, compared with the other reported methods for determination of estrogens and parabens (Chen et al, 2018; Fan et al, 2020; González & Cerdà, 2020; Gülle et al, 2019; Klongklaew & Bunkoed, 2021; Rigkos et al, 2020; Tartaglia et al, 2019; Wang et al, 2020; Table 2), the analysis time was shorter, and all eight targets were detected within 8 min, thereby meeting the needs of daily detection. Furthermore, as the chromatographic column employed herein possessed a smaller particle size than a conventional column (i.e., 3 vs. 5 μm), the column efficiency was higher and the peak shape was sharp.…”

Sensorial, cultural and volatile properties of milk, dairy powders, yoghurt and butter: A review

“…PDMS is a commonly used coating for SBSE, and it has a good adsorption performance for analytes with weak polarity through hydrophobic force (Fan et al. 2020). The amount of coating (PDMS) in SBSE is usually 50–250 times larger than traditional SPME with 1 cm length × 0.5 mm or 2 cm × 1 mm length film thickness, which increases the pre‐concentration efficiency (Prieto et al.…”

From polyethylene waste bottles to UIO-66 (Zr) for preconcentration of steroid hormones from river water

“…As a result, different sample preparation methods have been developed and utilized for the analysis of steroid hormones in water matrices. These sample treatment methods include dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) 19 , hollow fibre liquid–liquid microextraction (HF-LLME) 20 , dispersive solid phase extraction (DSPE) 21 , magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) 22 , traditional solid phase extraction (SPE) 23 , solid phase microextraction (SPME) 24 and stir-bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) 25 , amongst others. Sorbent base sample preparation methods have been commonly used for the extraction and preconcentration of steroid hormones in water samples.…”