Spiral formation during Czochralski growth of rare-earth scandates

Uecker, R.; Wilke, H.; Schlom, D. G.; Velickov, B.; Reiche, P.; Polity, A.; Bernhagen, M.; Roßberg, M.

doi:10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2006.07.018

Cited by 94 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…This lifting of T max location increases the melt velocity and as a result thermal convection of the molten material, i.e. In Czochralski growth of various kinds of oxide single crystals such as scandates (DyScO 3 and SmScO 3 ), peculiar growth morphology so-called "spiral" or "footing" growth sometimes appears, even when the growth parameters are well controlled [7]. Particularly, it has been observed that the spiral growth started at early stages of the pulling, when the melt level in a crucible decreased.…”

Section: Temperature and Flow Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the crucible bottom shape on the heat transport and fluid flow during the seeding process of oxide Czochralski crystal growth

Tavakoli¹,

Wilke²,

Crnogorac³

2007

Cryst. Res. Technol.

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For the seeding process of oxide Czochralski crystal growth, influence of the crucible bottom shape on the heat generation, temperature and flow field of the system and the seed-melt interface shape have been studied numerically using the finite element method. The configuration usually used in a real Czochralski crystal growth process consists of a crucible, active afterheater, induction coil with two parts, insulation, melt, gas and seed crystal. At first, the volumetric distribution of heat inside the metal crucible and afterheater inducted by the RF-coil was calculated. Using this heat generation in the crucible wall as a source the fluid flow and temperature field of the entire system as well as the seed-melt interface shape were determined. We have considered two cases, flat and rounded crucible bottom shape. It was observed that using a crucible with a rounded bottom has several advantages such as: (i) The position of the heat generation maximum at the crucible side wall moves upwards, compared to the flat bottom shape. (ii) The location of the temperature maximum at the crucible side wall rises and as a result the temperature gradient along the melt surface increases. (iii) The streamlines of the melt flow are parallel to the crucible bottom and have a curved shape which is similar to the rounded bottom shape. These important features lead to increasing thermal convection in the system and influence the velocity field in the melt and gas domain which help preventing some serious growth problems such as spiral growth.

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Section: Temperature and Flow Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the crucible bottom shape on the heat transport and fluid flow during the seeding process of oxide Czochralski crystal growth

Tavakoli¹,

Wilke²,

Crnogorac³

2007

Cryst. Res. Technol.

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“…The crystals ranging from DyScO 3 to PrScO 3 are grown by the conventional Czochralski technique [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and Investigation of Nd_{1-x}Sm_{x}ScO_3 and Sm_{1-x}Gd_{x}ScO_3 Solid-Solution Single Crystals

et al. 2013

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The pseudo-cubic lattice parameters of rare-earth (RE) scandate, REScO3, single crystals grown by the Czochralski technique with RE = Dy to Pr lie between about 3.95 and 4.02 Å. These crystals are the only available perovskite substrates in this lattice constant range that can withstand virtually any thin lm growth conditions. Two members of this series, PmScO3 and EuScO3, are, however, not suitable for substrate applications. Because the pseudo-cubic lattice parameters between neighbouring REScO3 compounds decrease with rising atomic number of the RE in about 0.01 Å steps, the unsuitability of PmScO3 (radioactivity) and EuScO3 (incompatibility with Si) causes an interruption in this lattice spacing sequence. To replace them, solid solutions of their adjacent rare-earth scandates, i.e., (Nd0.5Sm0.5)ScO3 and (Sm0.5Gd0.5)ScO3, were grown by the Czochralski method. Their average pseudo-cubic lattice parameters of 3.9979 Å and 3.9784 Å are very close to those of PmScO3 and EuScO3, respectively, and they show very low segregation. These qualities make these solid solutions excellent substitutes for PmScO3 and EuScO3.

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“…Rare-earth scandate (REScO 3 ) substrates have been recently developed with the larger lattice constants of ferroelectric and multiferroic perovskites in mind. [280][281][282][283][284] In addition to appropriate substrate single crystals, a method to prepare substrates with a specific chemical termination of the surface is a prerequisite for atomic-layer-controlled thin film growth of epitaxial heterostructures. For example, chemical-mechanically polished (001) SrTiO 3 substrates display a mixture of SrO and TiO 2 terminated surfaces.…”

Section: Integration Of Oxides (1) Substrates and Substrate Prepamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Controlled Synthesis of Metastable Oxides Utilizing Epitaxy and Epitaxial Stabilization

Schlom¹

2009

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Spiral formation during Czochralski growth of rare-earth scandates

Cited by 94 publications

References 36 publications

Influence of the crucible bottom shape on the heat transport and fluid flow during the seeding process of oxide Czochralski crystal growth

Influence of the crucible bottom shape on the heat transport and fluid flow during the seeding process of oxide Czochralski crystal growth

Growth and Investigation of Nd_{1-x}Sm_{x}ScO_3 and Sm_{1-x}Gd_{x}ScO_3 Solid-Solution Single Crystals

The Controlled Synthesis of Metastable Oxides Utilizing Epitaxy and Epitaxial Stabilization

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