Spiral as the fundamental graphic representation of the Periodic Law. Blocks of elements as the autonomic parts of the Periodic System

Imyanitov, N. S.

doi:10.1007/s10698-015-9246-8

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…When the noble gases were discovered, they were placed between the halogens and the alkali metals, either to the right of the halogens, or the left of the alkali metals, or both. According to each author's preferences, different rectangular ( Figures 1 , 2 , 4 , 6 ) or spiral ( Figure 3 ) or more complex graphics, flat or bent or conical or multi-connected, two-parametric tables were designed (Quam and Battell Quam, 1934 ; Van Spronsen, 1969 ; Mazurs, 1974 ; Scerri, 2007 , 2020 ; Stewart, 2007 , 2010 ; Imyanitov, 2016 ).…”

Section: The Emergence Of Naturally 2-dimensional Tables Of Chemical mentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Periodic and Non-periodic Chemistry in Periodic Tables

et al. 2021

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The chemical elements are the “conserved principles” or “kernels” of chemistry that are retained when substances are altered. Comprehensive overviews of the chemistry of the elements and their compounds are needed in chemical science. To this end, a graphical display of the chemical properties of the elements, in the form of a Periodic Table, is the helpful tool. Such tables have been designed with the aim of either classifying real chemical substances or emphasizing formal and aesthetic concepts. Simplified, artistic, or economic tables are relevant to educational and cultural fields, while practicing chemists profit more from “chemical tables of chemical elements.” Such tables should incorporate four aspects: (i) typical valence electron configurations of bonded atoms in chemical compounds (instead of the common but chemically atypical ground states of free atoms in physical vacuum); (ii) at least three basic chemical properties (valence number, size, and energy of the valence shells), their joint variation across the elements showing principal and secondary periodicity; (iii) elements in which the (sp)8, (d)10, and (f)14valence shells become closed and inert under ambient chemical conditions, thereby determining the “fix-points” of chemical periodicity; (iv)peculiar elements at the top and at the bottom of the Periodic Table. While it is essential that Periodic Tables display important trends in element chemistry we need to keep our eyes open for unexpected chemical behavior in ambient, near ambient, or unusual conditions. The combination of experimental data and theoretical insight supports a more nuanced understanding of complex periodic trends and non-periodic phenomena.

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Section: The Emergence Of Naturally 2-dimensional Tables Of Chemical mentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Periodic and Non-periodic Chemistry in Periodic Tables

et al. 2021

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“…In particular the s-block has on the side of lower Z values, along the noble gas 'backbone', the p-block with largely different properties, while on the side of higher Z values, there is a p-, d-or f-block on the inner, middle or outer part of the spiral, respectively, with smoothly varying property values, as sketched on the Abstract Fig. The valence s and p orbitals are energetically comparatively near (see below) so that the elements of conventional groups 1 and 2 and 12-18 form a joint sp block of elements, from the chemical point of view, with smoothly varying properties [58,[61][62][63][64]. The d and f blocks appear inserted in the heavier sp rows after group 3.…”

Section: Combination Of the Two Concepts Of Order And Similarity Givementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bent arrows indicate the relations between the sp and the inserted d (and f) blocks. The group of noble gases forms the 'backbone' of periodicity on the array of elements [55][56][57][58].…”

Section: Combination Of the Two Concepts Of Order And Similarity Givementioning

confidence: 99%

Physical origin of chemical periodicities in the system of elements

Cao

et al. 2019

Pure and Applied Chemistry

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“…Mendeleev's periodic table is based on the "periodic law" which states that the chemical and physical properties of elements and their compounds are periodic functions of the atomic weight (Mendeleev 1869(Mendeleev , 1871. With the discoveries of new classes of elements and accurate determination of their chemical and physical properties, along with the development of quantum mechanics that introduced fundamental concepts in elements, numerous efforts have been made to improve the periodic tables of elements (van Spronsen 1969;Mazurs 1974;Imyanitov 2016;Pyykkö 2019;Scerri 2020). In this article, we discuss the following three topics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three related topics on the periodic tables of elements

2020

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A large variety of periodic tables of the chemical elements have been proposed. It was Mendeleev who proposed a periodic table based on the extensive periodic law and predicted a number of unknown elements at that time. The periodic table currently used worldwide is of a long form pioneered by Werner in 1905. As the first topic, we describe the work of Pfeiffer (Naturwiss. 8:984-991, 1920), who refined Werner's work and rearranged the rare-earth elements in a separate table below the main table for convenience. Today's widely used periodic table essentially inherits Pfeiffer's arrangements. Although long-form tables more precisely represent electron orbitals around a nucleus, they lose some of the features of Mendeleev's short-form table to express similarities of chemical properties of elements when forming compounds. As the second topic, we compare various three-dimensional (3D) helical periodic tables that resolve some of the shortcomings of the long-form periodic tables in this respect. In particular, we explain how the 3D periodic table "Elementouch" (Maeno in Periodic-table-of-the-elements stationery. Design No. 1149493, Japan Patent Office. https ://www.j-platp at.inpit .go.jp/d0000 , 2001), which combines the sand p-blocks into one tube, can recover features of Mendeleev's periodic law. Finally we introduce a topic on the recently proposed nuclear periodic table based on the proton magic numbers (Hagino and Maeno in Found Chem 22:267-273, 2020). Here, the nuclear shell structure leads to a new arrangement of the elements with the proton magicnumber nuclei treated like noble-gas atoms. We show that the resulting alignments of the elements in both the atomic and nuclear periodic tables are common over about two thirds of the tables because of a fortuitous coincidence in their magic numbers.

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Spiral as the fundamental graphic representation of the Periodic Law. Blocks of elements as the autonomic parts of the Periodic System

Cited by 22 publications

References 26 publications

Understanding Periodic and Non-periodic Chemistry in Periodic Tables

Understanding Periodic and Non-periodic Chemistry in Periodic Tables

Physical origin of chemical periodicities in the system of elements

Three related topics on the periodic tables of elements

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