Spiny east Mediterranean plant species flower later and in a drier season than non-spiny species

Ronel, Michal; Ne’eman, Gidi; Lev‐Yadun, Simcha

doi:10.1016/j.flora.2009.12.036

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…As part of the study on the evolution of plant protection by spines and thorns conducted in our group (e.g. Lev‐Yadun, 2001, 2003a, b, 2006, 2009a, b, c, 2011; Lev‐Yadun & Ne'eman, 2004, 2006; Halpern et al ., 2007a, b, 2011; Ronel, Malkiel & Lev‐Yadun, 2007; Lev‐Yadun & Gould, 2008; Lev‐Yadun & Halpern, 2008; Lev‐Yadun, Ne'eman & Izhaki, 2009; Nassar & Lev‐Yadun, 2009; Ronel & Lev‐Yadun, 2009; Ronel et al ., 2009, 2010), we characterized the thorn/spine/prickle system in the whole native wild flora of Israel. To the best of our knowledge, a whole‐flora approach of this character (defence by sharp appendages) has never been carried out before.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increasing body of evidence that plants probably signal their spiny defence to potential vertebrate herbivores by aposematic coloration (e.g. Lev‐Yadun, 2001, 2009a, b, c; Midgley, 2004; Rubino & McCarthy, 2004; Ruxton et al ., 2004; Speed & Ruxton, 2005; Lev‐Yadun & Ne'eman, 2006; Halpern et al ., 2007a, 2011; Lev‐Yadun & Halpern, 2008; Fadzly et al ., 2009; Lev‐Yadun et al ., 2009; Ronel et al ., 2009, 2010) is further supported by our data about spine, thorn and prickle coloration in the Israeli flora. Analysis of this character in a whole flora has never been carried out before.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, an increasing body of evidence has shown that plants probably signal their spiny defence to potential vertebrate herbivores by aposematic (warning) coloration (e.g. Lev‐Yadun, 2001, 2009a, b, c; Midgley, Botha & Balfour, 2001; Midgley, 2004; Rubino & McCarthy, 2004; Ruxton, Sherratt & Speed, 2004; Speed & Ruxton, 2005; Lev‐Yadun & Ne'eman, 2006; Halpern et al ., 2007a; Ronel, Khateeb & Lev‐Yadun, 2009; Ronel, Ne'eman & Lev‐Yadun, 2010). The possibility that these defended and probably aposematic plant taxa form both Müllerian and Batesian mimicry rings has only recently been proposed (Lev‐Yadun, 2003a, b, 2006, 2009a, b, c).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The spiny, thorny and prickly plants in the flora of Israel

Ronel¹,

Lev‐Yadun²

2012

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society

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To examine whether spininess evolved at random or differently in various life forms and plant organs, we characterized spiny, thorny and prickly organs in the entire wild flora of Israel (294 such species). Of the species, 63.3% defended their reproductive organs (the most-defended organ) and 67.0% defended various non-reproductive organs. Ninety-three species defended both their reproductive organs and at least one other part; 48.3% defended their leaves and 36.4% their stems and branches. Spiny wings defended stems and branches only in herbaceous (annual or perennial) species. There were clear differences between the life forms. Annuals and perennial herbs defended mostly their reproductive organs (95.7 and 83.0%, respectively), dwarf shrubs defended mostly their leaves (54.2%) and shrubs and trees mostly their branches (89.7 and 76.2%, respectively). Trees do not defend their reproductive organs by associated sharp appendages. The differences in defence on various organs among different life forms may influence the results of meta-analysis studies of the optimal defence allocation if such differences are not taken into account. We noted spine, thorn and prickle colours for 167 species with yellow, red, orange and white being the dominant, supporting hypotheses about spines being visually aposematic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The spiny, thorny and prickly plants in the flora of Israel

Ronel¹,

Lev‐Yadun²

2012

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society

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“…However, the determinism of this meristem transformation is poorly documented, as already noted by Neville () and, more recently, by Kerstetter & Hake (). Current studies concerning spiny species are more ecological and adaptive oriented (Ronel et al ., ; Charles‐Dominique et al ., ). However, some recent studies showing a domain partitioning within the lateral organ – the emerging leaf and the axillary meristem in which gene expressions change during the consecutive development phases of the leaf and plant – (Yang & Jiao, ) indicate that not only the reproductive vs vegetative commitment, but also the spiny vs unspiny nature of the axillary shoot, is determined rather early.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrative models for joint analysis of shoot growth and branching patterns

et al. 2017

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Plants exhibit dependences between shoot growth and branching that generate highly structured patterns. The characterization of the patterning mechanism is still an open issue because of the developmental processes involved with both succession of events (e.g. internode elongation, axillary shoot initiation and elongation) and complex dependences among neighbouring positions along the parent shoot. Statistical models called semi-Markov switching partitioned conditional generalized linear models were built on the basis of apple and pear tree datasets. In these models, the semi-Markov chain represents both the succession and lengths of branching zones, whereas the partitioned conditional generalized linear models represent the influence of parent shoot growth variables on axillary productions within each branching zone. Parent shoot growth variables were shown to influence specific developmental events. On this basis, the growth and branching patterns of two apple tree (Malus domestica) cultivars, as well as of pear trees (Pyrus spinosa) between two successive growing cycles, were compared. The proposed integrative statistical models were able to decipher the roles of successive developmental events in the growth and branching patterning mechanisms. These models could incorporate other parent shoot explanatory variables, such as the local curvature or the maximum growth rate of the leaf.

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“…The efficacy of spines as an herbivore deterrent has been demonstrated in a number of studies (Cooper and Ginnett, 1998;Gowda, 1996;Obeso, 1997;among others). This strategy is optimal where the probability of herbivory is high (Ito and Sakai, 2009;Ronel et al, 2010), as it is the case in the Monte Desert. In our experiment, spine mass ratio increased 3-fold in response to drought, which is consistent with the Growth-Differentiation Balance hypothesis (Herms and Mattson, 1992) and with the idea that poor resource environments will favor plants that invest a high fraction of resources into structural defense (Hanley et al, 2007).…”

Section: (B) Allocation To Spines Increases Under Droughtmentioning

confidence: 99%