Spinoza

Lazzeri, Christian

doi:10.3917/puf.lazze.1999.01

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Indeed, the higher is this parameter (Table I), the higher is the void volume generated by debonding. Agglomerates also influence volume variation [7,9]. This is due to the fact that agglomerates entrap polymer chains and/or air inside them, giving rise to a higher effective volume fraction of the particles.…”

Section: Mechanical Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It results that constitutive equations of semicrystalline polymers are only derived from shear mechanisms, while cavitation phenomena are simply neglected. This issue is partially addressed by intensive works carried out on the characterization of cavitation at tnacroscopic .scale (measurement of the specimen variation of volume) [2-10] and microscopic scale (observation of voids by microscopy) [4,6,[9][10][11][12][13]. The.se previous works proved that the volume variation generated by the voids can reach in extreme cases 30% in neat high-density polyethylene [2.4] or in polypropylene filled with calcium carbonate [7] deformed in tension.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantification of Cavitation in Neat and Calcium Carbonate-Filled High-Density Polyethylene Subjected to Tension

Addiego¹,

Martino²,

Ruch³

et al. 2011

Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology

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Cavitation-induced deformation mechanisms in neat semiciystalline polymers, i.e.. crazing, and in the derived composites, i.e., particle-matri.x clebonding, are generally activated during the transition between viscoelastic and viscoplastic deformation stages. However, little quantitative information about the void evolution with the drawing level is to date available in the literature. The objective of this work is to quantify cavitation mechanisms in neat and calcium carbonate-filled high-density polyethylene (HDPE) subjected to ten.'iile deformation. Attention was first focused on the properties of the materials that were assessed by means of a thermogravimetric analyzer, a differential scanning calorimeter, a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and a dynamic mechanical analyzer. In a second step, macroscopic aspects of cavitation were studied by quantifying volume variation of the materials subjected to tension using an accurate optical extensonieler (VidéoTraction). Attention was then turned to microscopic features of cavitation through a careful quantification of void density and shape factor by means of a method coupling a SEM with an image analysis procedure. At the two scales of interest, the results demonstrate that (i) the void density generated by crazing in neat HDPE or particle-matri.x debonding in the composites gradually increases with the deformation state, (ii) void density induced by debonding is higher than that generated by crazing, and (Hi) decreasing particles size causes an increase of void density. We also estimated the void shape factor, that is, ratio between the height and the width of the cavities. In all the studied materials, this parameter starts from a value that is below I and increases by a factor of 2 with increasing deformation. Moreover, in the case of the composites, one notes a higher void shape factor compared with the neat material, and particle size does not influence this parameter. The results provided by this paper can be the basis of a physically based model predicting cavitation mechanisms in semicrystalline polymers.

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Section: Mechanical Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of Cavitation in Neat and Calcium Carbonate-Filled High-Density Polyethylene Subjected to Tension

Addiego¹,

Martino²,

Ruch³

et al. 2011

Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology

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“…The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy by which the mothers perceive their children's body shape (BS) 1, 2.…”

Section: Etiology and Primary Prevention Of Childhood Obesity And Relmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abstracts

2008

International Journal of Pediatric Obesity

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Background. Environmental change resulted in alterations of behaviour, unhealthy dietary habits, and low physical activity of infants and children in Europe over the last decades. Both, dietary and lifestyle factors contribute to the development of overweight/obesity and related comorbid conditions. The IDEFICS study (Identification and prevention of dietary-and lifestyleinduced health effects in children and infants) is a five-year multilevel epidemiological approach within the sixth EU framework to counteract the threatening epidemic of diet-and lifestyle-induced morbidity by evidencebased interventions. Methods. A population-based cohort of about 15 000 children aged 2 to 10 years is currently being established in eight European countries to investigate the aetiology of the mentioned diseases. Standardised instruments are used to measure the impact of food intake, food preferences, physical activity (PA) and fitness, psychosocial factors, consumer behaviour and genetic factors on body mass index (BMI), various indicators of body composition, bone stiffness and physiological markers in the blood and urine. Culturally adapted multi-component intervention strategies, focusing on dietary habits and physical activity, are developed, implemented and evaluated prospectively. Results. IDEFICS compares ethnic, regional and sex-specific distributions of the above disorders and their key risk factors in children across Europe. The impact of lifestyle and environmental factors, food preferences and differences in sensory perception and children's consumer behaviour are elucidated. In the ongoing baseline survey, almost 11 600 children were measured until March 15 th : 53% donated venous blood, and an additional 21% provided capillary blood, and 87% gave saliva (DNA). PA was assessed by accelerometers in 49% while the food frequency questionnaire was supplemented by a computer-based 24-hour dietary recall (SACINA) in 62% of children.Conclusions. Risk profile inventories for children susceptible to obesity and its comorbid conditions will be identified. Guidelines for health promotion and disease prevention will be developed and implemented in controlled intervention studies. The IDEFICS study may help to reduce future obesity and related diseases by provision of effective intervention modules.

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Spinoza's Ontology of Power

Viteri¹

2021

A Companion to Spinoza

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Spinoza

Cited by 4 publications

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Quantification of Cavitation in Neat and Calcium Carbonate-Filled High-Density Polyethylene Subjected to Tension

Quantification of Cavitation in Neat and Calcium Carbonate-Filled High-Density Polyethylene Subjected to Tension

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Spinoza's Ontology of Power

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