Spinal Trauma and Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)

Hauwe, Luc van den; Sundgren, Pia C.; Flanders, Adam E.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-38490-6_19

Cited by 30 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…Spinal Cord Injury leads to necrosis, activating the immune system (van Den Hauwe et al, 2020) leading to a rapid increase in macrophages, activated microglia, and CD45 + leukocytes at the injury site (Okada, 2016). Within 30 min of SCI, IL-1β and TNF-α signaling across the entire spinal cord increases followed by IL-6 expression increasing in both spinal astrocytes and microglia and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) expression increasing only in spinal astrocytes at the injury site within 3 h (Pineau and Lacroix, 2007;Sutherland et al, 2017).…”

Section: Acute Inflammatory Changes In the Spinal Cord Following Scimentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential Role of Inflammation in Modulating Endogenous Hippocampal Neurogenesis After Spinal Cord Injury

Sefiani

Geoffroy

2021

Front. Neurosci.

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Currently there are approximately 291,000 people suffering from a spinal cord injury (SCI) in the United States. SCI is associated with traumatic changes in mobility and neuralgia, as well as many other long-term chronic health complications, including metabolic disorders, diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, osteoporosis, and elevated inflammatory markers. Due to medical advances, patients with SCI survive much longer than previously. This increase in life expectancy exposes them to novel neurological complications such as memory loss, cognitive decline, depression, and Alzheimer’s disease. In fact, these usually age-associated disorders are more prevalent in people living with SCI. A common factor of these disorders is the reduction in hippocampal neurogenesis. Inflammation, which is elevated after SCI, plays a major role in modulating hippocampal neurogenesis. While there is no clear consensus on the mechanism of the decline in hippocampal neurogenesis and cognition after SCI, we will examine in this review how SCI-induced inflammation could modulate hippocampal neurogenesis and provoke age-associated neurological disorders. Thereafter, we will discuss possible therapeutic options which may mitigate the influence of SCI associated complications on hippocampal neurogenesis.

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Section: Acute Inflammatory Changes In the Spinal Cord Following Scimentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential Role of Inflammation in Modulating Endogenous Hippocampal Neurogenesis After Spinal Cord Injury

Sefiani

Geoffroy

2021

Front. Neurosci.

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“…Dislocations, epiphyseal detachments, lesions of the ossification centers, and ligamentous injuries are more frequent in pediatric patients [23]. There is a high risk of dislocation without fracture in children aged ≤8 years [24]. Burst-type fractures are the most common, followed by compression, dislocation, and minor traumas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric Spinal Traumas

et al. 2020

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Introduction: Although childhood trauma is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, the incidence of spinal trauma is significantly lower in children than in adults. Existing studies on pediatric spinal trauma (PST) largely concern cervical trauma because of its frequency of incidence. We aimed to obtain more information by examining all types of spinal trauma, and evaluating factors such as age, trauma type, injury type, and American Spinal Injury Association score and comparing them with data from the literature. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 30 pediatric trauma patients with spinal pathology confirmed by spinal imaging. Results: The mean age was 166.4 months. Mean age for each mechanism of injury was: 142.7 months for a simple fall, 149.0 months for injury involving a foreign object, 163.5 months for a fall from a height, and 181.6 months for traffic accidents. There was no statistically significant difference in mean age for different mechanisms of injury (p = 0.372). The levels of the spinal injuries were: lumbar 53.3% (16), thoracic 26.6% (8), and cervical 20.0% (6). Mean age for each level of spinal injury was 113.3 months for the cervical area, 172.2 months for the thoracic area, and 183.3 months for the lumbar area. Mean age was found to be statistically significant (p = 0.000). Discussion: PST is uncommon and the type of trauma and the spinal level affected varies with age. Cervical trauma predominates at younger ages, but adult-like traumas begin to occur with increasing age. It should be considered that the risk of developing neurological deficits is higher in pediatric patients than in adults, and the risk of multisystem injury is also high.

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“…The vast majority of spinal cord injuries are due to blunt trauma and 10 to 20% are secondary to penetrating trauma. 51 In cases resulting in chronic bladder dysfunction, SPT placement is a reasonable intervention when intermittent catheterization is not feasible. Long-term use of any indwelling catheter of the bladder, including an SPT, is associated with a higher risk for urinary tract calculi, infections, urethral or skin erosions, and sepsis.…”

Section: Urethral Injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Delayed and Chronic Sequelae of Trauma and the Role of the Interventional Radiologist

Wolf

Smolinski-Zhao

2021

Semin intervent Radiol

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In addition to acute injury requiring interventional radiologic treatments, patients with traumatic injuries can develop delayed or chronic complications. These injuries can involve nearly all solid organs in the abdomen. Coupled with significant improvements in visualizing these injuries with advanced imaging techniques such as minimally invasive procedures, nonoperative management of both acute traumatic injuries and their longer term sequelae has become the norm. This article reviews frequently seen complications of traumatic injury and their management by interventional radiologists.

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Spinal Trauma and Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)

Cited by 30 publications

References 46 publications

The Potential Role of Inflammation in Modulating Endogenous Hippocampal Neurogenesis After Spinal Cord Injury

The Potential Role of Inflammation in Modulating Endogenous Hippocampal Neurogenesis After Spinal Cord Injury

Pediatric Spinal Traumas

Delayed and Chronic Sequelae of Trauma and the Role of the Interventional Radiologist

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