Spinal kinematics during gait in healthy individuals across different age groups

Schmid, Stefan; Brühin, Björn; Ignasiak, Dominika; Romkes, Jacqueline; Taylor, William R.; Ferguson, Stephen J.; Brunner, Reinald; Lorenzetti, Silvio

doi:10.1016/j.humov.2017.04.001

Cited by 42 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Contrary to the anatomical convention and definition of knee varus and knee valgus as convex or concave movement from the medial plane, this calculation signifies that the coordinate system by Grood and Suntay [ 31 ] was also adjusted for, therefore accounting for each standing position. The lumbar curvature was calculated by fitting a circle around the skin markers in the lumbar part of the spine [ 37 ] a method that allows the quantification of the spinal dynamics during movements [ 11 , 38 – 40 ]. An inverse dynamic approach was used to calculate the moments in the joints [ 11 , 36 , 41 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to squat? Effects of various stance widths, foot placement angles and level of experience on knee, hip and trunk motion and loading

Lorenzetti

Ostermann

Zeidler

et al. 2018

BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil

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BackgroundSquatting is a core exercise for many purposes. The tissue loading during squatting is crucial for positive adaptation and to avoid injury. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of narrow, hip and wide stance widths, foot position angles (0°, 21°, and 42°), strength exercise experience, and barbell load (0 and 50% body weight, experts only) during squatting.MethodsNovice (N = 21) and experienced (N = 21) squatters performed 9 different variations of squats (3 stance widths, 3 foot placement angles). A 3D motion capture system (100 Hz) and two force plates (2000 Hz) were used to record mediolateral knee displacement (ΔD*), range of motion (RoM) at the hip and knee joints, and joint moments at the hip, knee, and lower back.ResultsBoth stance width and foot placement angles affected the moments at the hip and knee joints in the frontal and sagittal planes. ΔD* varied with stance width, foot placement angles and between the subjects’ level of experience with the squat exercise as follows: increasing foot angle led to an increased foot angle led to an increased ΔD*, while an increased stance width resulted in a decreased ΔD*; novice squatters showed a higher ΔD*, while additional weight triggered a decreased ΔD*.ConclusionsSuitable stance width and foot placement angles should be chosen according to the targeted joint moments. In order to avoid injury, special care should be taken in extreme positions (narrow stand-42° and wide stance-0°) where large knee and hips joint moments were observed.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13102-018-0103-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to squat? Effects of various stance widths, foot placement angles and level of experience on knee, hip and trunk motion and loading

Lorenzetti

Ostermann

Zeidler

et al. 2018

BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil

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“…A = Full body marker placement according to Schmid et al [51] including head, pelvis, thorax, spine, shoulder, elbow, wrist, arms and lower extremities. Markers placed on the spinous processes of C7, T3, T5, T7, T9, T11, L1 to L5 and S1 were used for tracking of spinal motion.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Participants were equipped with 58 retro-reflective skin markers placed by a physiotherapist or movement scientist with experience in palpation according to a previously described marker configuration [51]. To enable detailed tracking of spinal motion, this configuration included markers placed on the spinous processes of C7, T3, T5, T7, T9, T11, L1 to L5 and S1 ( Figure 1).…”

Section: Full-body Movement Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Fear avoidance beliefs limit lumbar spine flexion during object lifting in pain-free adults

Knechtle

Schmid

Suter

et al. 2020

Preprint

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There is a long-held belief that physical activities such as lifting with a flexed spine is generally harmful for the back and can cause low back pain (LBP), potentially nurturing fear avoidance beliefs underlying pain-related fear. In chronic LBP patients, pain-related fear has been shown to be associated with reduced lumbar range of motion during lifting, indicating distinct and probably protective psychomotor responses to pain. However, despite short term beneficial effects for tissue health, recent evidence suggests that maintaining a protective trunk movement strategy may also pose a risk for (persistent) LBP due to possible pro-nociceptive consequences of altered spinal kinematics, reflected by increased loading on lumbar tissues and persistent muscle tension. Yet, it is unknown if similar psychomotor interactions already exist in pain-free individuals which would yield potential insights into how a person might react when they experience LBP. Therefore, the aim of this study is to test the impact of pain-related fear on spinal kinematics in a healthy cohort of pain-free adults without a history of chronic pain. The study subjects (N=57) filled out several pain-related fear questionnaires and were asked to perform a lifting task (5kg-box). High-resolution spinal kinematics were assessed using an optical motion capturing system. Time-sensitive analyses were performed based on statistical parametric mapping. The results demonstrated time-specific and negative relationships between self-report measures of pain-related fear and lumbar spine flexion angles during lifting, yielding important implications regarding unfavorable psychomotor interactions that might become relevant in a future LBP incident.

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“…However, these findings are informed by gait kinematic studies . [ 8 – 10 , 12 – 19 ] or studies examining young adults . [ 10 , 20 – 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-related changes in trunk muscle activity and spinal and lower limb kinematics during gait

et al. 2018

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The influence of age on spinal muscle activation patterns and its relation to kinematics is poorly understood. We aimed at understanding age-related changes to spine and trunk muscle activity in addition to spinal and lower limb kinematics during treadmill walking under various conditions. An observational study was conducted evaluating asymptomatic young (n = 10; 3F, 7M; 26.3±2.5yrs) and older (n = 9; 3F, 6M; 67.1±4.2yrs) adults’ treadmill walking at 2km/h and 4km/h, each at 0, 1, 5, and 10% inclination. Unilateral (right side) electromyography (EMG) was recorded from deep and superficial multifidus (intramuscular) and erector spinae and abdominal obliques (surface); trunk and leg kinematics were also measured. Muscle activity was characterised by peak amplitude and duration of activity, and the time-point of peak amplitude in the gait cycle (0–100%). Peak activation in older adults was lower for the superficial multifidus (p<0.0001) and higher for the thoracolumbar (p<0.001) and lumbar erector spinae (p<0.01). The duration of activation was longer in older adults for all muscles (p<0.05) except the superficial multifidus, and longer during faster walking for all participants. The time-point of peak amplitude in the gait cycle was earlier in older participants for the external obliques (p<0.05). Walking speed appeared to influence muscle activity more than inclination. Older adults used less spine, trunk and lower limb motion, except at the ankle. Age-related differences within multifidus and between paravertebral and trunk muscles were inconsistent. Walking at 4km/h at 5–10% inclination may specifically target the lumbar paravertebral muscles.

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Spinal kinematics during gait in healthy individuals across different age groups

Cited by 42 publications

References 26 publications

How to squat? Effects of various stance widths, foot placement angles and level of experience on knee, hip and trunk motion and loading

How to squat? Effects of various stance widths, foot placement angles and level of experience on knee, hip and trunk motion and loading

Fear avoidance beliefs limit lumbar spine flexion during object lifting in pain-free adults

Age-related changes in trunk muscle activity and spinal and lower limb kinematics during gait

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