Spin-orbit torque switching of magnetic tunnel junctions for memory applications

Křižáková, Viola; Perumkunnil, Manu; Couet, S.; Gambardella, Pietro; Garello, Kévin

doi:10.1016/bs.hmm.2022.10.001

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 208 publications

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“…A schematic and pulse-width dependence of the switching current of such SOT+STT device are shown in Figure 17b. Grimaldi et al [10] and Krizakova et al [172][173][174] also demonstrated that the combination of SOT, STT, and the voltage control of magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) leads to reproducible sub-nanosecond switching with the speed of the cumulative switching time smaller than 0.2 ns. They also find from time-resolved measurements that SOT switching involves a stochastic two-step process that consists of domain nucleation and propagation, which have different genesis, timescales, and statistical distributions compared to STT switching.…”

Section: Prototype Perpendicular Sot Memory Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Switching of Perpendicular Magnetization by Spin–Orbit Torque

Zhu

2023

Advanced Materials

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Magnetic materials with strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy are of great interest for the development of nonvolatile magnetic memory and computing technologies due to their high stabilities at the nanoscale. However, electrical switching of such perpendicular magnetization in an energy-efficient, deterministic, scalable manner has remained a big challenge. This problem has recently attracted enormous efforts in the field of spintronics. Here, we review recent advances and challenges in the understanding of the electrical generation of spin currents, the switching mechanisms and the switching strategies of perpendicular magnetization, the switching current density by spin-orbit torque of transverse spins, the choice of perpendicular magnetic materials, and summarize the progress in prototype perpendicular SOT memory and logic devices toward the goal of energy-efficient, dense, fast perpendicular spin-orbit torque applications.

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Section: Prototype Perpendicular Sot Memory Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Switching of Perpendicular Magnetization by Spin–Orbit Torque

Zhu

2023

Advanced Materials

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“…Magnetic materials play a vital role in numerous daily life applications ranging from transportation to medicine and electronics, to energy harvesting and household appliances [1][2][3][4][5]. Various magnetic materials have been investigated to explore their magnetic properties and application potentials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic phenomena in equiatomic ternary rare earth compounds

Gupta

2023

Handbook of Magnetic Materials

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“…[ 44 ] In the specific case of magnetic tunnel junctions, they also provide important advantages over STT, such as higher endurance, lower read disturbance, and greater design flexibility. [ 45–53 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ferrimagnetic Dynamics Induced by Spin‐Orbit Torques

Sala

Gambardella

2022

Adv Materials Inter

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Ferrimagnets are the magnetic materials with the fastest current‐induced dynamics reported so far. Among them, rare‐earth transition‐metal (RE‐TM) alloys offer a fertile playground for studying the behavior of multi‐sublattice systems with tunable composition and magnetic interactions. This review provides a survey of the magnetic dynamics excited by current‐induced spin‐orbit torques (SOTs) in RE‐TM ferrimagnets coupled to heavy‐metal layers. It summarizes the magnetic properties of RE‐TM alloys and discusses how interfacial SOTs result in efficient magnetization switching and fast domain‐wall motion close to the magnetization and angular momentum compensation points. Recent work shows that the switching is a multiphase process affected by significant stochastic fluctuations. However, strong SOTs results in fast and deterministic sub‐ns switching with minimal energy dissipation. In addition, the RE and TM magnetizations can respond asynchronously to SOTs during the reversal. This asynchronous dynamics pinpoints the different strength of the SOTs acting on the two sublattices and challenges the usual assumption of rigid inter‐sublattice antiferromagnetic coupling. Overall, the ability to tailor the timescale and reversal mode of RE‐TM alloys allows for optimizing the speed of ferrimagnetic spintronic devices and provides insight into the current‐induced transfer of angular momentum in systems with synergistic ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions.

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Spin-orbit torque switching of magnetic tunnel junctions for memory applications

Cited by 5 publications

References 208 publications

Switching of Perpendicular Magnetization by Spin–Orbit Torque

Switching of Perpendicular Magnetization by Spin–Orbit Torque

Magnetic phenomena in equiatomic ternary rare earth compounds

Ferrimagnetic Dynamics Induced by Spin‐Orbit Torques

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