Spin-orbit torque-induced switching in ferrimagnetic alloys: Experiments and modeling

Je, Soong-Geun; Rojas-Sánchez, J.-C.; Pham, Thai Ha; Vallobra, Pierre; Malinowski, Grégory; Lacour, Daniel; Fache, T.; Cyrille, Marie-Claire; Kim, Dae‐Yun; Choe, Sug–Bong; Belmeguenai, M.; Hehn, Michel; Mangin, Stéphane; Gaudin, Gilles; Boulle, Olivier

doi:10.1063/1.5017738

Cited by 72 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(69 reference statements)

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“…, with t the magnetic film thickness, e the electron charge and θ SH eff the effective spin Hall angle. Figure 2b,c shows that χ(T) scales as 1/M s (T), as expected from theory and previous studies [31][32][33][34][35] , from which we determine that θ SH eff = 0.155, which is nearly independent of temperature in this range. Harmonic SOT measurements are consistent with these results (Supplementary Figs.…”

Section: Fast Domain Wall Motionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Fast current-driven domain walls and small skyrmions in a compensated ferrimagnet

et al. 2018

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Spintronics is a research field that aims to understand and control spins on the nanoscale and should enable next-generation data storage and manipulation. One technological and scientific key challenge is to stabilize small spin textures and to move them efficiently with high velocities. For a long time, research focused on ferromagnetic materials, but ferromagnets show fundamental limits for speed and size. Here, we circumvent these limits using compensated ferrimagnets. Using ferrimagnetic Pt/GdCo/TaO films with a sizeable Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, we realize a current-driven domain wall motion with a speed of 1.3 km s near the angular momentum compensation temperature (T) and room-temperature-stable skyrmions with minimum diameters close to 10 nm near the magnetic compensation temperature (T). Both the size and dynamics of the ferrimagnet are in excellent agreement with a simplified effective ferromagnet theory. Our work shows that high-speed, high-density spintronics devices based on current-driven spin textures can be realized using materials in which T and T are close together.

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Section: Fast Domain Wall Motionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Fast current-driven domain walls and small skyrmions in a compensated ferrimagnet

et al. 2018

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“…j SW ranges from 1.25 to 2.9 × 10 11 A m −2 , which is in the same order of magnitude as previously reported switching current densities in ferrimagnetic alloy films. [ 39 , 40 ] The switching current densities for CoGd/(W or Ta) films are always lower than CoGd/Ir films regardless of the alloy composition. The lowest switching current densities are achieved for Pt/Co 73 Gd 27 /(Ta or W).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interplay between Spin‐Orbit Torques and Dzyaloshinskii‐Moriya Interactions in Ferrimagnetic Amorphous Alloys

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Morshed

et al. 2021

Advanced Science

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Ferrimagnetic thin films are attractive for low-power spintronic applications because of their low magnetization, small angular momentum, and fast spin dynamics. Spin orbit torques (SOT) can be applied with proximal heavy metals that also generate interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions (DMI), which can stabilize ultrasmall skyrmions and enable fast domain wall motion. Here, the properties of a ferrimagnetic CoGd alloy between two heavy metals to increase the SOT efficiency, while maintaining a significant DMI is studied. SOT switching for various capping layers and alloy compositions shows that Pt/CoGd/(W or Ta) films enable more energy-efficient SOT magnetization switching than Pt/CoGd/Ir. Spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance confirms that Pt/CoGd/W has the highest spin-Hall angle of 16.5%, hence SOT efficiency, larger than Pt/CoGd/(Ta or Ir). Density functional theory calculations indicate that CoGd films capped by W or Ta have the largest DMI energy, 0.38 and 0.32 mJ m −2 , respectively. These results show that Pt/CoGd/W is a very promising ferrimagnetic structure to achieve small skyrmions and to move them efficiently with current.

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“…1(a), where the Pt layer acts as a spin current source and SiN x is used as an insulating capping layer to avoid oxidation of the magnetic film. Co 1-x Tb x was chosen as the magnetic free layer because it can be deposited on a variety of underlayers and substrates while maintaining a robust PMA [22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. In our experiment, Co 1-x Tb x (CoTb in short for the rest of the work) with different chemical compositions were tested.…”

Section: Characterization Of Magnetic Propoertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spin-Orbit-Torque Switching Mediated by an Antiferromagnetic Insulator

et al. 2019

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We report the observation of antiferromagnetic insulator mediated spin-orbit torque switching in Pt/NiO/Co 1-x Tb x heterostructures. By measuring the current-induced shift in the magnetic hysteresis loops and the second-harmonic anomalous Hall resistance, we quantitatively determined the spin-orbit torque efficiency in Pt/NiO/Co 1-x Tb x samples with different NiO thicknesses, uncovering a systematic evolution of the magnetic switching behavior. The measured spin-orbit torque efficiency is enhanced in the low NiO thickness regime (1 ~ 2 nm), highlighting the efficient spin manipulation across a disordered antiferromagnetic insulator.

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Spin-orbit torque-induced switching in ferrimagnetic alloys: Experiments and modeling

Cited by 72 publications

References 42 publications

Fast current-driven domain walls and small skyrmions in a compensated ferrimagnet

Fast current-driven domain walls and small skyrmions in a compensated ferrimagnet

Interplay between Spin‐Orbit Torques and Dzyaloshinskii‐Moriya Interactions in Ferrimagnetic Amorphous Alloys

Spin-Orbit-Torque Switching Mediated by an Antiferromagnetic Insulator

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