Spin-mechanical device for detection and control of spin current by nanomechanical torque

Mohanty, Pritiraj; Zolfagharkhani, G.; Kettemann, Stefan; Fulde, Peter

doi:10.1103/physrevb.70.195301

Cited by 51 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Einstein-de Haas effect in a NiFe film on a microcantilever 19 and mechanical torque due to spin flip on a torsion oscillator 20 were observed in experiment. Theoretically, rotational doppler shift in magnetic resonance 21 and effects of mechanical torque in nanostructure [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] are studied. These phenomena essentially rely on the spin-rotation coupling, H S .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renormalization of spin-rotation coupling

2013

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We predict the enhancement of the spin-rotation coupling due to the interband mixing. The Bloch wavefunctions in the presence of mechanical rotation are constructed with the generalized crystal momentum which includes a gauge potential arising from the rotation. Using the eightband Kane model, the renormalized spin-rotation coupling is explicitly obtained. As a result of the renormalization, the rotational Doppler shift in electron spin resonance and the mechanical torque on an electron spin will be strongly modulated.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renormalization of spin-rotation coupling

2013

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“…In a nanowire with an only FM/NM interface the FM layer servers as a polarizer for an electric current, and spin flip processes at the FM/NM interface produce a mechanical torque in the sample [16][17][18][19] . Another modification of NEMMS (see [20][21][22] ) is analogous to spin-valves and includes at least two FM layers -one is a polarizer and the magnetization of the other is rotated by STT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetoelastic coupling and possibility of spintronic electromagnetomechanical effects

Gomonay

Kondovych

Локтев

2012

Low Temperature Physics

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Nanoelectromangetomechanical systems (NEMMS) open up a new path for the development of high speed autonomous nanoresonators and signal generators that could be used as actuators, for information processing, as elements of quantum computers etc. Those NEMMS that include ferromagnetic layers could be controlled by the electric current due to effects related with spin transfer. In the present paper we discuss another situation when the current-controlled behaviour of nanorod that includes an antiferro-(instead of one of ferro-) magnetic layer. We argue that in this case ac spin-polarized current can also induce resonant coupled magneto-mechanical oscillations and produce an oscillating magnetization of antiferromagnetic (AFM) layer. These effects are caused by i ) spin-transfer torque exerted to AFM at the interface with nonmagnetic spacer and by ii ) the effective magnetic field produced by the spin-polarized free electrons due to sd-exchange.The described nanorod with an AFM layer can find an application in magnetometry and as a current-controlled high-frequency mechanical oscillator.

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“…This technique relies on the equivalence between spin angular momentum and mechanical angular momentum, and the fact that one is ultimately converted into the other. The equivalence between spin and mechanical angular momentum has been known since the initial experiments of Richardson [36] and Einstein and de Haas [37], and measurements of spin properties through mechanical effects have been performed to study spin injection from a ferromagnet into a nonferromagnetic metal [38,39]. Recent discoveries of new spin-based effects, such as the spin Seebeck and spin Hall effects, in a variety of materials, from metals to semiconductors to insulators, have motivated us to study the associated spin physics micromechanically.…”

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confidence: 99%

Nanomechanical detection of the spin Hall effect

2016

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The spin Hall effect creates a spin current in response to a charge current in a material that has strong spin-orbit coupling. The size of the spin Hall effect in many materials is disputed, requiring independent measurements of the effect. We develop a novel mechanical method to measure the size of the spin Hall effect, relying on the equivalence between spin and angular momentum. The spin current carries angular momentum, so the flow of angular momentum will result in a mechanical torque on the material. We determine the size and geometry of this torque and demonstrate that it can be measured using a nanomechanical device. Our results show that measurement of the spin Hall effect in this manner is possible and also opens possibilities for actuating nanomechanical systems with spin currents.The spin Hall effect [1,2], which is the generation of a spin current in a material due to an applied charge current in the presence of strong spin-orbit coupling, has been proposed as a novel method of spin manipulation for spintronics applications. Spin currents generated by the spin Hall effect have been used to excite high-and lowfrequency magnetic dynamics in nanostructures [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11], and may become useful for future low-power spintronic logic and storage devices [12]. The spin Hall effect has been observed in a variety of materials with strong spin orbit coupling, including semiconductors such as Si and GaAs [13][14][15][16]; graphene with adsorbed impurities [17]; heavy metals with strong spin-orbit coupling such as Pt, Ta and W [4,11,[18][19][20]; and metals doped with large spin-orbit-coupled impurities [21][22][23]. However, quantification of the SHE through fundamental parameters remains a challenge.The figure-of-merit for SHE materials is the spin Hall angle, Θ SH , which is often stated as the proportionality between the magnitude of generated spin current and the magnitude of input charge current, |J s | = h 2e Θ SH J c [24,25], where J s is the component of the spin current perpendicular to the charge current and J c is the charge current. Measurements and characterization of Θ SH have, as yet, been limited to methods based on optical, electrical, and magnetic effects, which require knowledge of Kerr rotation coupling, metallic interfaces, magnetic properties, and spin diffusion parameters to quantify Θ SH accurately [15,26]. As such, reported values of Θ SH span orders of magnitude for materials such as Pt and Pd [19,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. Open questions such as the dependence of Θ SH on growth conditions, film thickness, impurity level, frequency, and other systematic parameters must be addressed both experimentally and theoretically. Since the inverse SHE is used to measure spin transport due to the spin Seebeck effect and spin pumping, accurate knowledge of the spin Hall angle is important for metrology. One intriguing new result implies that the spin Hall angle is complex-valued, resulting in a phase shift between an applied AC charge current and the resulting AC spin cu...

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Spin-mechanical device for detection and control of spin current by nanomechanical torque

Cited by 51 publications

References 41 publications

Renormalization of spin-rotation coupling

Renormalization of spin-rotation coupling

Magnetoelastic coupling and possibility of spintronic electromagnetomechanical effects

Nanomechanical detection of the spin Hall effect

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