Spin injection and detection via the anomalous spin Hall effect of a ferromagnetic metal

Das, Kumar Sourav; Schoemaker, W. Y.; Wees, B. J. van; Vera‐Marun, Ivan J.

doi:10.1103/physrevb.96.220408

Cited by 87 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…2(b). The detection of non-local magnon transport at the Py strip occurs via a combination of ISHE and the inverse anomalous spin Hall effect (IASHE), resulting in a detection efficiency that depends on the orientation of M Py and leading to a line shape consistent with previous reports [14,15]. A modulation of more than 210% in the R 1f NL measured by the Py detector is observed, which occurs due to the detection mechanism being dominated only by ISHE at low B and evolving into being composed by both IASHE and ISHE at high B.…”

supporting

confidence: 84%

Modulation of magnon spin transport in a magnetic gate transistor

et al. 2020

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We demonstrate a modulation of up to 18% in the magnon spin transport in a magnetic insulator (Y3Fe5O12, YIG) using a common ferromagnetic metal (permalloy, Py) as a magnetic control gate. A Py electrode, placed between two Pt injector and detector electrodes, acts as a magnetic gate in our prototypical magnon transistor device. By manipulating the magnetization direction of Py with respect to that of YIG, the transmission of magnons through the Py|YIG interface can be controlled, resulting in a modulation of the non-equilibrium magnon density in the YIG channel between the Pt injector and detector electrodes. This study opens up the possibility of using the magnetic gating effect for magnon-based spin logic applications.

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confidence: 84%

Modulation of magnon spin transport in a magnetic gate transistor

et al. 2020

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“…Since charge currents in ferromagnets are intrinsically spinpolarized, transverse AHE currents are spin-polarized as well and are used to generate spin torques [32,35]. This effect is sometimes referred to as anomalous SHE [35], but is fundamentally a conventional SHE.…”

Section: From the Conventional To The Magnetic Spin Hall Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To combine the virtues of transverse spin transport with magnetic recording, the conventional SHE was studied in magnetic materials with broken TRS (ferromagnets [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] or antiferromagnets [30,[45][46][47][48]), which revealed various phenomena associated with the interplay of SOC and magnetism. For example, ferromagnetic metals exhibit an (inverse) conventional SHE [31]; unaffected by magnetization reversal [33] it is time-reversal even.Since charge currents in ferromagnets are intrinsically spinpolarized, transverse AHE currents are spin-polarized as well and are used to generate spin torques [32,35]. This effect is sometimes referred to as anomalous SHE [35], but is fundamentally a conventional SHE.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, ferromagnetic metals exhibit an (inverse) conventional SHE [31]; unaffected by magnetization reversal [33] it is time-reversal even.Since charge currents in ferromagnets are intrinsically spinpolarized, transverse AHE currents are spin-polarized as well and are used to generate spin torques [32,35]. This effect is sometimes referred to as anomalous SHE [35], but is fundamentally a conventional SHE. Since these spin currents are tied to the AHE charge currents, the spin accumulations brought about by this effect can be manipulated by varying the magnetization direction [38,42,43].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Origin of the magnetic spin Hall effect: Spin current vorticity in the Fermi sea

Mook

Neumann

Johansson

et al. 2020

Phys. Rev. Research

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The interplay of spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and magnetism gives rise to a plethora of charge-to-spin conversion phenomena that harbor great potential for spintronics applications. In addition to the spin Hall effect, magnets may exhibit a magnetic spin Hall effect (MSHE), as was recently discovered [Kimata et al., Nature 565, 627-630 (2019)]. To date, the MSHE is still awaiting its intuitive explanation. Here we relate the MSHE to the vorticity of spin currents in the Fermi sea, which explains pictorially the origin of the MSHE. For all magnetic Laue groups that allow for nonzero spin current vorticities the related tensor elements of the MSH conductivity are given. Minimal requirements for the occurrence of a MSHE are compatibility with either a magnetization or a magnetic toroidal quadrupole. This finding implies in particular that the MSHE is expected in all ferromagnets with sufficiently large SOC. To substantiate our symmetry analysis, we present various models, in particular a two-dimensional magnetized Rashba electron gas, that corroborate an interpretation by means of spin current vortices. Considering thermally induced spin transport and the magnetic spin Nernst effect in magnetic insulators, which are brought about by magnons, our findings for electron transport can be carried over to the realm of spincaloritronics, heat-to-spin conversion, and energy harvesting. I. FROM THE CONVENTIONAL TO THE MAGNETIC SPIN HALL EFFECTThe spin Hall effect (SHE) [1] and its inverse are without doubt important discoveries [2][3][4][5][6] in the field of spintronics [7,8]. They serve not only as 'working horses' for generating and detecting spin currents [9] but also as key ingredients in spin-orbit torque devices for electric magnetization switching [10][11][12]. Compared to spin-transfer torque devices [13-17], spin-orbit torque devices are faster, more robust, and consume less power upon operation [18][19][20]; for a recent review see Ref. 21. While the anomalous Hall effect (AHE) in a magnet [22] produces a transverse charge current density upon applying an electric field E, the SHE in a nonmagnet produces a transverse spin current density j γ = σ γ E (γ = x, y, z indicates the transported spin component). Mathematically, the SHE is quantified by the antisymmetric part of the spin conductivity tensor σ γ . For example, the σ z xy element comprises z-polarized spin currents in x direction as a response to an electric field in y direction.In a simple picture, the intrinsic SHE [23,24] is explained by spinning electrons that experience a spin-dependent Magnus force caused by spin-orbit coupling (SOC). It appears as if 'built-in' spin-dependent magnetic fields evoke spin-dependent Lorentz forces that result in a transverse pure spin current. The extrinsic SHE [25][26][27] is covered by Mott scattering at defects [28].Since the SHE does not rely on broken time-reversal symmetry (TRS), it is featured in nonmagnetic metals [29] or semiconductors [2]. Imposing few demands on a material's properties, a SHE can be expected in...

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“…(c) Transverse (low field data) and Longitudinal (high field data) spin Hall coefficient of Py scaled with the spin Hall angle of Pt. Images adapted from Ref [63]…”

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confidence: 99%

Perspectives of electrically generated spin currents in ferromagnetic materials

et al. 2020

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Spin-orbit coupling enables charge currents to give rise to spin currents and vice versa, which has applications in non-volatile magnetic memories, miniature microwave oscillators, thermoelectric converters and Terahertz devices. In the past two decades, a considerable amount of research has focused on electrical spin current generation in different types of nonmagnetic materials. However, electrical spin current generation in ferromagnetic materials has only recently been actively investigated. Due to the additional symmetry breaking by the magnetization, ferromagnetic materials generate spin currents with different orientations of spin direction from those observed in nonmagnetic materials. Studies centered on ferromagnets where spin-orbit coupling plays an important role in transport open new possibilities to generate and detect spin currents. We summarize recent developments on this subject and discuss unanswered questions in this emerging field. paul.haney@nist.gov xin.fan@du.edu * These two authors contributed equally to the manuscript.1 Note that the physical mechanisms required to generate spin polarized current can depend on boundary conditions. If the boundary condition is that the current entering the system is unpolarized, then spin-flip scattering is necessary for polarizing the current. If the boundary condition only specifies the electric field at the system edge, then spin-dependent conductivities are sufficient to obtain spin-polarized current.

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Spin injection and detection via the anomalous spin Hall effect of a ferromagnetic metal

Cited by 87 publications

References 24 publications

Modulation of magnon spin transport in a magnetic gate transistor

Modulation of magnon spin transport in a magnetic gate transistor

Origin of the magnetic spin Hall effect: Spin current vorticity in the Fermi sea

Perspectives of electrically generated spin currents in ferromagnetic materials

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