Spin-current instability at a magnetic domain wall in a ferromagnetic superfluid: A generation mechanism of eccentric fractional skyrmions

Abstract

Spinful superfluids of ultracold atoms are ideal for investigating the intrinsic properties of spin current and texture because they are realized in an isolated, nondissipative system free from impurities, dislocations, and thermal fluctuations. This study theoretically reveals the impact of spin current on a magnetic domain wall in spinful superfluids. An exact wall solution is obtained in the ferromagnetic phase of a spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate with easy-axis anisotropy at zero temperature. The bosonic-quasiparticle mechanics analytically show that the spin current along the wall becomes unstable if the velocity exceeds the critical spin-current velocities, leading to complicated situations because of the competition between transverse magnons and ripplons. Our direct numerical simulation reveals that this system has a mechanism to generate an eccentric fractional skyrmion, which has a fractional topological charge, but its texture is not similar to that of a meron. This mechanism is in contrast to the generation of conventional skyrmions in easy-axis magnets. The theoretical findings can be examined in the same situation as in a recent experiment on ultracold atoms. In terms of the universality of spontaneous symmetry breaking, unexplored similar phenomena are expected in different physical systems with the same broken symmetry.

Vortex-bound solitons in topological superfluid 3He

“…In the PdB phase, the NMR properties of the spin soliton were used to identify the type of soliton accompanying the KLS walls, where multiple possibilities existed [5,42]-the experiments and numerics are in beautiful agreement. More recent numerical work on a spinor BEC [90,91] studies the effect of the strong coupling correction on the domain wall structure and the instability of the domain wall induced by spin current.…”

Core structure of static ferrodark solitons in a spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate

“…So far we only consider excitations from a uniform ground state. In immiscible condensates, domain walls are also referred to as the interfaces between the spatially separated components of the condensate, examples are density (or pseudo magnetization F z ) domain walls in immiscible binary BECs [52][53][54][55], and magnetic domain walls in ferromagnetic spin-1 BECs for a negative quadratic Zeeman shift q < 0 [56].…”