Sphingolipidomics of Thermotolerant Yeasts

Abstract

Mass spectrometry-based shotgun lipidomics was applied to the analysis of sphingolipids of 11 yeast strains belonging to four genera, that is Cryptococcus, Saccharomyces, Schizosaccharomyces, and Wickerhamomyces. The analysis yielded comprehensive results on both qualitative and quantitative representation of complex sphingolipids of three classes-phosphoinositol ceramide (PtdInsCer), mannosyl inositol phosphoceramide (MInsPCer), and mannosyl diinositol phosphoceramide (M(InsP) Cer). In total, nearly 150 molecular species of complex sphingolipids were identified. Individual strains were cultured at five different temperatures, that is 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 °C (Wickerhamomyces genus only up to 30 °C), and the change in the culture temperature was found to affect the representation of both the sphingolipid classes and the length of the long-chain bases (LCB). Individual classes of sphingolipids differing in polar heads differed in the temperature response. The relative content of PtdInsCer increased with increasing temperature, whereas that of M(InsP) Cer decreased. Molecular species having C18-LCB were associated with low cultivation temperature, and a higher proportion of C20-LCB molecular species was produced at higher temperatures regardless of the type of polar head. On the other hand, the influence of temperature on the representation of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA) was less noticeable, the effect of the taxonomic affiliation of the strains being more pronounced than the cultivation temperature. For example, lignoceric and 2-hydrocylo-lignoceric acids were characteristic of the genera Cryptococcus and Schizosaccharomyces, and of Saccharomyces genus cultivated at high temperatures.

Biosynthesis and Functions of Very-Long-Chain Fatty Acids in the Responses of Plants to Abiotic and Biotic Stresses

“…A third hydroxyl group may be introduced at the C-4 position through the action of an LCB C-4 hydroxylase (producing a trihydroxy LCBs, t18:0), while double bonds may be introduced at the Δ4 and/or Δ8 positions by the activity of distinct LCB desaturases. In certain yeasts and algae, VLCFA-CoA can be used to produce very-long-chain base [ 108 , 109 ]. The second step in plant sphingolipids synthesis is catalyzed by the ceramide synthases that link LCB to a fatty acid via an amide bond.…”

Engineering the metabolic pathways of lipid biosynthesis to develop robust microalgal strains for biodiesel production

“…It provides the structural and functional overview of the cellular lipids especially in response to some stress conditions. It also helps in the examination of lipid molecules interact with other cellular metabolites [48]. Targeted lipidomic analysis of N. oceanica proposed the role of phosphatidylcholine for TAG biosynthesis and carbon-chain length improvement under nitrogen starvation as it converts C 16 acyls into C 18 TAG.…”

Glycosphingolipids in Filamentous Fungi: Biological Roles and Potential Applications in Cosmetics and Health Foods

“…Fungi adapt to environmental changes using a range of molecular mechanisms. One mechanism is via change in the composition of cellular lipids, such as phospholipids, neutral lipids, or unique glycosphingolipids (GSLs) (Suutari, 1995;Rezanka et al, 2016Rezanka et al, , 2018. Fungal GSLs, including neutral and acidic GSLs, are the main lipid components of microdomains in fungal membranes and are clustered along with sterols to form lipid rafts, which play crucial roles in cell polarization, hyphal growth, fungal fitness, and adaptation to most diverse environments as a signaling molecules (Sonnino et al, 2007;Guimarães et al, 2014;Řezanka et al, 2016.…”