Spherulitic crystallization of apatite–mullite glass-ceramics: Mechanisms of formation and implications for fracture properties

Effect of zinc oxide and zirconia on structure, degradability and in vitro bioactivity of wollastonite

“…In addition, many factors, such as morphology, crystalline phases, amounts of crystalline phase and size of crystalline particles, have an effect on the mechanical strength of the ceramics [53][54]. Moreover, the presence of more than one crystalline phase can also result in a complex mechanical behavior [55,56]. [57].…”

Precipitation of biomimetic fluorhydroxyapatite/polyacrylic acid nanostructures

“…Ceramic implants are widely replacing metal ones because of their improved aesthetics and biocompatibility, but failure due to fracture is common [9]. Ceramics and glass-ceramics composed of nanoscale crystals may lead to tough and biocompatible implants that overcome this problem [10,11]. Nanoscale reinforcing phases have also been added to various restorative materials; a common example being the user-friendly, but mechanically weak, glass-ionomer cements (GICs).…”

Nanostructured apatite-mullite glass-ceramics for enhanced primary human osteoblast cell response

“…A glass with molar composition 4.85SiO2-3.25Al2O3-1.5P2O5-3.25CaO-1.75CaF2, chosen following a review of previous studies [14,16,17], was synthesised by melt-quench, as previously described [5,14]. This composition may produce crystal sizes and spatial density similar to the topographies used by Dalby et al [11].…”