Spherically Encapsulated Variable Liquid Lens on Coplanar Electrodes

An, Jae Yong; Hur, Ji Hwan; Kim, Sohee; Lee, Jong Hyun

doi:10.1109/lpt.2011.2167606

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Subsequently, hydrophobic surface of Cytop was patterned (Figure 1d). Lastly, electrolyte and oil was dispensed (Figure 1e, 1f) and parylene was deposited on the device to encapsulate the oil without air trapping [1]. Note that the number of the process steps for the realization of radial thickness gradient in this paper is only one (photoresist reflow) whereas previous works required six process steps [2].…”

Section: Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Off-centering reduction of coplanar micro liquid lens using a thickness-gradient dielectric

Park

Seo

Lee

2012

2012 International Conference on Optical MEMS and Nanophotonics

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Section: Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Coplanar type among the micro liquid lenses is superior to other types in that both electrodes can be fabricated easily on the same plane and planar electrical accessibility is available [1]. However, the focal point of the coplanar types is inclined to deviate from optical axis due to the lens operation on the planar substrate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Off-centering reduction of coplanar micro liquid lens using a thickness-gradient dielectric

Park

Seo

Lee

2012

2012 International Conference on Optical MEMS and Nanophotonics

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“…Extremely compact cameras with such designs are of interest in both smartphone and drone applications and in robot eyes and visual prostheses. Efficient light management in the natural eye, such as light accommodation or adaptation, is also an important natural facet that should be mimicked in artificial eye research …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioinspired Artificial Eyes: Optic Components, Digital Cameras, and Visual Prostheses

Lee

Choi

Kim

et al. 2017

Adv Funct Materials

194

168

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The diverse vision systems found in nature can provide interesting design inspiration for imaging devices, ranging from optical subcomponents to digital cameras and visual prostheses, with more desirable optical characteristics compared to conventional imagers. The advantages of natural vision systems include high visual acuity, wide field of view, wavelength-free imaging, improved aberration correction and depth of field, and high motion sensitivity. Recent advances in soft materials, ultrathin electronics, and deformable optoelectronics have facilitated the realization of novel processes and device designs that mimic biological vision systems. This review highlights recent progress and continued efforts in the research and development of bioinspired artificial eyes. At first, the configuration of two representative eyes found in nature: a single-chambered eye and a compound eye, is explained. Then, advances in bioinspired optic components and image sensors are discussed in terms of materials, optical/mechanical designs, and integration schemes. Subsequently, novel visual prostheses as representative application examples of bioinspired artificial eyes are described.

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“…These liquids are placed in a glass cylinder or on a planar substrate that is functionalized with an electrode, dielectric, and a hydrophobic coating and attached to a separate ground electrode. In this implementation with a single sidewall electrode in a cylindrical geometry − or a single concentric electrode for planar geometry, − the device acts as a variable focus lens. Using two sidewall electrodes enable the operation as a one-dimensional prism, still complete with focusing capabilities. , Custom liquid interfaces can be achieved by extending to four or more electrodes and used for correcting optical wavefront aberrations. ,, In all cases, the refractive index contrast between the polar and nonpolar liquids is crucial in determining the lens focal length tunability, prism steering angle, and the extent of aberration correction capability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Combination with High Refractive Index Contrast and Fast Scanning Speeds for Electrowetting Adaptive Optics

et al. 2018

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Electrowetting adaptive optical devices are versatile, with applications ranging from microscopy to remote sensing. The choice of liquids in these devices governs its tuning range, temporal response, and wavelength of operation. We characterized a liquid system, consisting of 1-phenyl-1-cyclohexene and deionized water, using both lens and prism devices. The liquids have a large contact angle tuning range, from 173 to 60°. Measured maximum scanning angle was realized at ±13.7° in a two-electrode prism, with simulation predictions of ±18.2°. The liquid’s switching time to reach 90° contact angle from rest, in a 4 mm diameter device, was measured at 100 ms. Steady-state scanning with a two-electrode prism showed linear and consistent scan angles of ±4.8° for a 20 V differential between the two electrodes, whereas beam scanning using the liquid system achieved ±1.74° at 500 Hz for a voltage differential of 80 V.

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Spherically Encapsulated Variable Liquid Lens on Coplanar Electrodes

Cited by 18 publications

References 12 publications

Off-centering reduction of coplanar micro liquid lens using a thickness-gradient dielectric

Off-centering reduction of coplanar micro liquid lens using a thickness-gradient dielectric

Bioinspired Artificial Eyes: Optic Components, Digital Cameras, and Visual Prostheses

Liquid Combination with High Refractive Index Contrast and Fast Scanning Speeds for Electrowetting Adaptive Optics

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