Spermatogenesis in Immature Hypophysectomized Rats Injected with Androgens

Cutuly, Eugene; Cutuly, Elizabeth C.; McCullagh, D. Roy

doi:10.3181/00379727-38-10028

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The Leydig cells of hypophysectomized animals appear to have a limited ability fo produce and secrete androgen. After hypophysectomy the Leydig cells show histological signs of severe regression (Nelson, 1937;Cutuly et al, 1938;Taché, Selye, Szabo & Taché, 1973;Harris & Bartke, 1975). The present direct quantitative estimate shows that the interstitium atrophies to~25% of its normal weight after withdrawal of pituitary hormones (Table 3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…Early experiments using extracts of male sex hormone (Walsh, Cuyler & McCullagh, 1934;Nelson & Gallagher, 1936) and later crystalline androgens (Nelson, 1937) demonstrated that spermatogenesis could be maintained in hypophysectomized adult animals if therapy was begun shortly after the operation. With the development of testosterone propionate for clinical use this synthetic steroid has been widely used as a reference androgen (Cutuly, Cutuly & McCullagh, 1938;Cutuly, 1942;Leathern, 1944;Bocca bella, 1963). Testosterone propionate rather than testosterone appears to have been used in all quantitative assessments of the role of the testicular hormone in germ cell development and in numerical comparisons of the relative effective¬ ness of other steroids (Clermont & Harvey, 1967;Harris & Bartke, 1975;Chowdhury, 1979;Chowdhury & Tcholakian, 1979).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A quantitative assessment of the gametogenic and androgenic properties of testicular steroids in hypophysectomized rats

Collins¹,

Tsang²

1985

Reproduction

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The ability of testicular steroids to maintain the quantitative aspects of spermatogenesis was compared with reference to their androgenic properties. Hypophysectomized rats were injected daily with 0.2 mg progesterone, 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone, 3 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-20-one, testosterone or testosterone propionate for 30 days beginning 2 days after the operation. Testosterone propionate was the most potent steroid tested both in terms of its peripheral androgenic effects and its ability to prevent the post-operative decline in the weight of the testis and seminiferous tubules and the numbers of germ cells throughout their differentiation. The natural androgen, testosterone, exhibited weak gametogenic properties and only partly maintained the normal measures of spermatogenesis. Progesterone exhibited low intrinsic androgenic potency yet was significantly more effective than testosterone in maintaining spermatogenesis; it prevented the degeneration of spermatocytes during the later stages of meiotic prophase and the reduction divisions resulting in an increased yield of step 7 spermatids. Low androgenic and gametogenic properties were exhibited by 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone and 3 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-20-one. These results may indicate that testosterone produced locally in the seminiferous tubules from progesterone is more effective in maintaining spermatogenesis than androgens entering from the circulation. Alternatively, progesterone may act more directly on the germ cells than previously envisaged.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A quantitative assessment of the gametogenic and androgenic properties of testicular steroids in hypophysectomized rats

Collins¹,

Tsang²

1985

Reproduction

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“…There are three hypotheses to account for the present observations : (i) The effect of sex hormones and ACTH may be functionally unrelated and the final effect is due to the sum of their individual effects. This hypothesis seems im¬ probable since in the hypophysectomized animal oestrogens have no effect on the size of the adrenal gland [Selye, Collip & Thomson, 1935 ;Ellison & Burch, 1936 ;Bourne & Zuckerman, 1940], while androgens have a stimulating and not, as in the non-hypo¬ physectomized animal, an antagonistic effect [Cutuly, Cutuly & McCullagh, 1938;Leonard, 1942Leonard, , 1944Zizine, Simpson & Evans, 1950;Renneis, Hess & Finnerty, 1953]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Effect of Sex Hormones on the Adrenal Gland of the Male Rat

Gompertz¹

1958

Journal of Endocrinology

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Oestradiol dipropionate enhances the effect of both endogenous and exogenous adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) on the weight of the adrenal glands of the male rat. Methyl testosterone has the opposite effect. It is concluded that sex hormones exert their effect by modifying both hypophysial secretion of ACTH and adrenocortical sensitivity to ACTH.The adrenal glands, which in most mammalian species are larger in the adult female than in the adult male, decrease in size after ovariectomy and increase after orchidectomy. These changes can be reversed by replacement therapy with oestrogens and androgens respectively (for general reviews, see Zuckerman [1953]; Chester Jones [1957]).There are two possible mechanisms whereby sex hormones could exert this effect : either directly, by acting on the adrenocortical cells themselves, or indirectly, through a modification of the output of hypophysial hormones. If a direct action were involved, sex hormones could either be adrenocorticotrophic (e.g. maintenance of the adrenal gland after hypophysectomy by androgen; see Zuckerman [1953]; Chester Jones [1957]) or they could modify the sensitivity of the adrenocortical cells to adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH). The latter possibility was investigated by Carter [1956], who found that treatment with oestrogen increases the response of the adrenal gland to ACTH after hypophysectomy. She also observed that oestrogens increased the degree of compensatory hypertrophy of one adrenal gland after removal of the other. But she could not demonstrate that oestrogen alters the response of the gland to exogenous ACTH in the intact animal.The present investigation was undertaken in order to extend the work begun by Carter, and to study the effect of both androgens and oestrogens on the response of the adrenal gland as judged by an increase in weight to endogenous as well as exogenous ACTH in the castrated and the intact male rat. MATERIALS AND METHODS AnimalsTwo hundred and ninety-eight male rats from the Birmingham Colony were used. The animals belonged to eighty-nine htter-groups and varied between 51 and 234 days in age and between 113 and 420 g in weight.

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“…Many of the actions described are indirect, as for example the atrophy of the adrenal cortex as a result of the inhibition of pituitary adrenocorticotrophic hormone production by steroid hormones. Other effects appear to be due to a direct action on the gland, as for example the partial maintenance of the adrenal cortex of hypophysectomized rats by testosterone described by Cutuly, Cutuly & McCullagh [1938], Leonard [1944] and Zizine, Simpson & Evans [1950]. Ferstl, Heppich & Schmid [1951] and Saffran, Bayliss & Webb [1951] have described the stimulation of the oxygen uptake rate of surviving adrenal cortex tissue by deoxycorticosterone added to the incubation medium.…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

The Influence of Steroid Hormones on the Energy Metabolism of the Adrenal Cortex in Vitro

Brummel¹,

Halkerston²,

Reiß³

1954

Journal of Endocrinology

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The action of different steroid hormones on the oxygen consumption of adrenal cortex slices in vitro was investigated.Deoxycorticosterone (DOC), testosterone and dehydroisoandrosterone, and 17-hydroxycorticosterone, were found to stimulate the oxygen uptake rate, while cortisone, progesterone, pregnenolone, androsterone and cholesterol were inactive. Pretreatment of the slices with DOC, testosterone or ACTH inhibited the action of ACTH or DOC added subsequently. The significance of the direct action of different steroid hormones on the energy metabolism of the adrenal cortex is discussed.The nature of the action of steroid hormones on the adrenal cortex is complex. Many of the actions described are indirect, as for example the atrophy of the adrenal cortex as a result of the inhibition of pituitary adrenocorticotrophic hormone production by steroid hormones. Other effects appear to be due to a direct action on the gland, as for example the partial maintenance of the adrenal cortex of hypophysectomized rats by testosterone described by Cutuly, Cutuly & McCullagh [1938], Leonard [1944] and Zizine, Simpson & Evans [1950]. Ferstl, Heppich & Schmid [1951] and Saffran, Bayliss & Webb [1951] have described the stimulation of the oxygen uptake rate of surviving adrenal cortex tissue by deoxycorticosterone added to the incubation medium.The results of an investigation of the action of different steroid hormones on the energy metabolism of surviving adrenal cortex tissue are presented in this report. METHODSMeasurement of oxygen uptake. The Warburg technique for oxygen uptake measurement was used throughout. The substances under test were added from the sidearm after a preliminary incubation period of 1 hr, when a basal uptake rate was established. Readings were then continued for a further hour after addition of the test substance when the new rate was established. Changes were expressed as a per¬ centage of the initial control rate.Preparation of tissue. Cattle adrenals were collected from the abattoir within 15 min of the death of the animal, wrapped in cellophane and transported to the laboratory over ice. Slices of the cortex tissue were cut by hand; approximately 120 mg wet weight were used in each Warburg vessel.Solutions. Krebs phosphate Ringer pH 7-4 (3-0 ml. per vessel) was used throughout

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Spermatogenesis in Immature Hypophysectomized Rats Injected with Androgens

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

A quantitative assessment of the gametogenic and androgenic properties of testicular steroids in hypophysectomized rats

A quantitative assessment of the gametogenic and androgenic properties of testicular steroids in hypophysectomized rats

The Effect of Sex Hormones on the Adrenal Gland of the Male Rat

The Influence of Steroid Hormones on the Energy Metabolism of the Adrenal Cortex in Vitro

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