The Effect of Sex Hormones on the Adrenal Gland of the Male Rat

Gompertz, D.

doi:10.1677/joe.0.0170107

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In the androgenized female rats the CR-activity was similar to that in the males. The reason for these differences in hypothalamic CR-activity is not readily apparent; however, a number of results suggest that there may be sex differences in the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system (Gemzell, 1952;Gompertz, 1958;Halberg & Haus, 1960;Kitay, 1961;Critchlow, Liebelt, Bar-Sela, Mountcastle & Lipscomb, 1963).The CRactivity of brain cortical tissue extract has been discussed by Chiappa & Fink (1977).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Releasing Factor and Hormonal Changes in the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadotrophin and -Adrenocorticotrophin Systems Before and After Birth and Puberty in Male, Female and Androgenized Female Rats

Chiappa¹,

Fink²

1977

Journal of Endocrinology

106

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The hypothalamic content of LH releasing factor (RF), pituitary ACTH and pituitary and plasma LH and FSH were measured by radioimmunoassay from foetal Day 15 to postnatal Day 65. Bioassayable corticotrophin releasing activity was also measured during the postnatal period. Hypothalamic LH-RF was detectable as early as foetal Day 15, increasing gradually until postnatal Day 2 and then steeply between Days 5 and 16. The levels of LH-RF were similar in both male and normal female rats until Day 41, after which the increase which had been occurring from Day 16 continued in the male but not the female. In female rats treated with testosterone propionate neonatally ('androgenized females') the hypothalamic content of LH-RF at Day 9 was significantly less than that in the male or normal female, levels reaching those found in the latter two groups by Days 16-22. The lower level of LH-RF in the androgenized female was associated with pituitary gonadotrophin and plasma FSH levels which were lower than in the normal female until Day 30. In the normal female, vaginal opening was associated with a marked drop in hypothalamic LH-RF content and in pituitary LH and FSH, but in the androgenized female, vaginal opening occurred while hypothalamic LH-RF and pituitary LH levels were still rising. The peaks in pituitary FSH and LH and in plasma LH seen on Days 22, 30 and 41, respectively, in the normal female were each delayed by 8-9 days in the androgenized female. In all three types of animal there was a significant drop in plasma FSH between Days 50 and 65 which was associated with a significant increase in pituitary FSH in the male and a significant decrease in pituitary FSH in the androgenized female rats. The day 17 foetal pituitary gland also contained ACTH, and again levels of this hormone rose steeply between Days 5 and 9. In contrast to the gonadotrophins, there was a marked divergence between the pituitary content and concentration of ACTH: content rose while concentration remained relatively steady after Day 9. There was no major difference in pituitary ACTH levels between the three types of animal throughout the study; however, around Days 16 and 50, corticotrophin releasing activity was higher in males and androgenized females compared with that in normal females.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Releasing Factor and Hormonal Changes in the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadotrophin and -Adrenocorticotrophin Systems Before and After Birth and Puberty in Male, Female and Androgenized Female Rats

Chiappa¹,

Fink²

1977

Journal of Endocrinology

106

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Sex differences in HPA regulation in the rodent arise from both neuronal imprinting during early development and distinct actions of estradiol (E 2 ) and testosterone (Te) in adulthood. 93–97 In the young adult animal, exposure to E 2 typically potentiates stress-induced ACTH secretion by: (1) attenuating negative feedback in the hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, and pituitary gland 98,99 ; (2) inducing AVP, CRH, and CRH-R1 gene expression in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) 77,93,100–103 ; (3) enhancing adrenal responsiveness to ACTH 104–107 ; (4) muting hippocampal and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis–directed inhibition of PVN neurons 108 ; and (5) blunting homologous downregulation of limbic GR. 76 Conversely, Te and 5α-dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT) generally exert opposing effects on the fore-going mechanisms, resulting in diminished stress-stimulated ACTH secretion (see Fig.…”

Section: Experimental Insights Into and Clinical Inferences Regardingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Dependent and Gender-Dependent Regulation of Hypothalamic-Adrenocorticotropic-Adrenal Axis

Veldhuis

Sharma

Roelfsema

2013

Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Moreover, Gemzell has reported increased secretion of ACTH in male rats following administration of estradiol [68]. The authors suggested that estradiol affects both the hypophysial secretion of ACTH and adrenal cortical sensitivity to ACTH based upon adrenal weight changes in intact and castrated rats [69].…”

Section: Gender Differences In Hpa-axis Reactivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Differences in Animal Models of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Cohen

Yehuda

2011

Disease Markers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Epidemiological studies report higher prevalence rates of stress-related disorders such as acute stress disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in women than in men following exposure to trauma. It is still not clear whether this greater prevalence in woman reflects a greater vulnerability to stress-related psychopathology. A number of individual and trauma-related characteristics have been hypothesized to contribute to these gender differences in physiological and psychological responses to trauma, differences in appraisal, interpretation or experience of threat, coping style or social support. In this context, the use of an animal model for PTSD to analyze some of these gender-related differences may be of particular utility. Animal models of PTSD offer the opportunity to distinguish between biological and socio-cultural factors, which so often enter the discussion about gender differences in PTSD prevalence.In this review, we present and discuss sex-differences in behavioral, neurochemical, neurobiological and pharmacological findings that we have collected from several different animal studies related to both basal conditions and stress responses. These models have used different paradigms and have elicited a range of behavioral and physiological manifestations associated with gender. The overall data presented demonstrate that male animals are significantly more vulnerable to acute and chronic stress, whereas females are far more resilient. The stark contradiction between these findings and contemporary epidemiological data regarding human subjects is worthy of further study. The examination of these gender-related differences can deepen our understanding of the risk or the pathophysiology of stress-related disorders.

show abstract

The Effect of Sex Hormones on the Adrenal Gland of the Male Rat

Cited by 13 publications

References 5 publications

Releasing Factor and Hormonal Changes in the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadotrophin and -Adrenocorticotrophin Systems Before and After Birth and Puberty in Male, Female and Androgenized Female Rats

Releasing Factor and Hormonal Changes in the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadotrophin and -Adrenocorticotrophin Systems Before and After Birth and Puberty in Male, Female and Androgenized Female Rats

Age-Dependent and Gender-Dependent Regulation of Hypothalamic-Adrenocorticotropic-Adrenal Axis

Gender Differences in Animal Models of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About