Sperm recuperation and cervical insemination in retrograde ejaculation

Noninvasive Techniques for Improving Fertility Potential of Retrograde Ejaculates

“…However, our data support the possibility that donor seminal plasma may improve motility in some cases, at least compared with Ham's F-10 [8]. Brassesco et al [3] do not mention the reason for their use of donor seminal plasma but they do report one of the more successful series. The possibility exists that some motility-enhancing factor or a suppressor of a sperm motility inhibiting factor may be deficient in these other supporting media.…”

“…Brassesco et al [3] found 7 of 15 patients with retrograde ejaculation suitable candidates for sperm wash and insemination. Pregnancies were reported in 6 of the 7 patients by the fourth month of insemination and a pregnancy in the other patient in the sixth month of insemination.…”

“…Brassesco et al [3] required voiding every 15 min and requested ejaculation only when the osmolality was between 300 to 500 mosmol/kg.…”

Viable spermatozoa in the bladder after electroejaculation of lion-tailed macaques (Macaca silenus)

“…Brindley (1981) suggests that more appropriate electrode placement facilitates antegrade flow, while Warner et al (1986) unsuccessfully blocked the neck of the bladder with a foley catheter. Most reports advocate retrieving spermatozoa from the bladder after alleviating the harmful effects of bladder contents by alkalizing the urine (Garcea et al, 1982;Cameron & Gillett, 1985;Brassesco et al, 1988) or replacing it with medium. Bennett et al (1987) replaced the bladder contents with a buffered medium before ejaculation and recovered bladder spermatozoa for artificial insemination.…”

Development and in vitro testing of a new method of urine preparation for retrograde ejaculation; the Liverpool solution

“…An alternative is to perform adjustment of the urine conditions by ingestion of alkalinizing agents (such as sodium bicarbonate [NaHCO 3 ] tablets), followed by voiding of the PCU and semen mixture. There have been seven published series in which five or more patients with retrograde ejaculation were treated (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16). In all of these series, the pH and osmolarity of urine were adjusted by the oral route, with a wide variation in the methods used, from doses every 2 hours of NaHCO 3 tablets to carbonated beverages or no preparation at all.…”