Sperm chromosomal aneuploidy and DNA integrity of infertile men with anejaculation

Abstract

The semen quality is poorer, sperm DNA fragmentation and sperm chromosomal aneuploidies are seen at a higher rate for SCI patients compared to healthy, fertile and normospermic men. Whether the difference in yield is due to increased scrotal temperature, genitourinary infection, or other reasons requires further study.

Effect of scrotal heating on sperm quality, seminal biochemical substances, and reproductive hormones in human fertile men

“…30,31,[38][39][40][41] The SCSA and terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated d UDP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) directly measure the level of DNA damage in sperm, and can provide a threshold parameter concerning semen quality and predict assisted reproductive technology success. 30,31,[38][39][40][41] The SCSA and terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated d UDP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) directly measure the level of DNA damage in sperm, and can provide a threshold parameter concerning semen quality and predict assisted reproductive technology success.…”

Scrotal heat stress causes sperm chromatin damage and cysteinyl aspartate-spicific proteinases 3 changes in fertile men

“…After the HOS test had been performed, the SCD test was carried out immediately to evaluate the sperm DNA fragmentation of the 28 subjects. The HOS/SCD methodology has been described previously [11][12][13][14][15].…”

“…A total of 500 spermatozoa were evaluated manually on each slide under bright-field optics and oil immersion at ×1000 magnification (DM4000B; Leica, Wetzlar, Germany) [11][12][13][14][15]. The patterns observed for the HOS/SCD test were classified as follows: pattern 1 (A), spermatozoa with large DNA dispersion halos or medium-sized halos and swollen tails (DNA integrity and membrane intact); pattern 2 (B), spermatozoa with large DNA dispersion halos or mediumsized halos and unswollen tails (DNA integrity and membrane damaged); pattern 3 (C), spermatozoa with small-sized halos or the absence of a halo and swollen tails (DNA integrity damaged and membrane intact); and pattern 4(D), spermatozoa with small-sized halos or the absence of a halo and unswollen tails (DNA integrity and membrane damaged).…”

“…When DNA damage was detected in sperm recovered from the epididymes within hours of heating this was taken as evidence that epididymal sperm are still susceptible to heat-induced DNA damage even though the DNA is tightly packaged with protamines. The hypo-osmotic swelling (HOS) test and the Eosin Y (EY) staining can evaluate sperm motality and detect the integrity of the tail membrane of sperm [12][13][14]. Sperm DNA fragmentation or sperm chromatin status can be evaluated in a variety of ways, including the sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) [12][13][14][15], terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferasemediated d UDP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) [15], single cell gel electrophoresis (COMET) assay [16], the sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) test and aniline blue (AB) staining [17][18][19][20].…”

“…The degree of condensation can be shown with the aid of acidic aniline blue (AB) staining, which is able to discriminate between lysine-rich histones and arginine-and cysteine-rich protamines. However, the vitality and the integrity of the sperm membrane could not be determined using these tests [12][13][14].…”