Spent Mushroom Substrate Uses

Rinker, Danny Lee

doi:10.1002/9781119149446.ch20

Cited by 57 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 215 publications

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“…The annual production of spent mushroom substrate (SMS), the agricultural waste derived from mushroom production, is estimated around 170–204 billion kg in 2013 (Ma et al 2014 ; Royse et al 2017 ). Among the different uses described for spent mushroom compost (Rinker 2017 ), the recycling of the SMS through amendment with nutritional supplements to support further mushroom production is a viable alternative to cope with the high volume of this waste material (Pardo-Giménez et al 2011 , 2012b ). When the SMS from P. ostreatus is supplemented with a protein-rich product, such as commercial supplements (Calprozime ® , Champfood ® or Promycel 600 ® ), the total nitrogen content in the substrate increases, and consequently, the values of the crude protein content and the neutral detergent-soluble fraction (Picornell-Buendía et al 2016a ).…”

Section: Supplementation Of Spent Mushroom Compost As a Recycling Matmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supplementation in mushroom crops and its impact on yield and quality

et al. 2018

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Mushroom supplementation is an agronomic process which consists of the application of nutritional amendments to the substrates employed for mushroom cultivation. Different nitrogen and carbohydrate rich supplements have been evaluated in crops with a substantial impact on mushroom yield and quality; however, there is still controversy regarding the nutritional requirements of mushrooms and the necessity for the development of new commercial additives. The addition of external nutrients increases the productivity of some low-yielding mushroom varieties, and therefore is a useful tool for the industry to introduce new commercially viable varieties. Spent mushroom compost is a waste material that could feasibly be recycled as a substrate to support a new commercially viable crop cycle when amended with supplements. On the other hand, a new line of research based on the use of mushroom growth promoting microorganisms is rising above the horizon to supplement the native microbiota, which appears to cover nutritional deficiencies. Several supplements employed for the cultivated mushrooms and their agronomic potential in terms of yield and quality are reviewed in this paper as a useful guide to evaluate the nutritional requirements of the crop and to design new formulas for commercial supplementation.

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Section: Supplementation Of Spent Mushroom Compost As a Recycling Matmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supplementation in mushroom crops and its impact on yield and quality

et al. 2018

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“…Pesticide removal or degradation has been explored using Agaricus bisporus spent substrate [35][36][37][38][39], Pleurotus spent substrate [36,38,40], and the spent substrate of Lentinula edodes [36,39]. Spent substrate from other species has been explored to degrade pesticides, for example, Agaricus blazei (A. brasiliensis and A. subrufrescens) [41].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the natural destinations for the large volumes of SMS is on land for agricultural crops [40] with much advantage over chemical fertilizers since it releases nutrients slowly that will not burn crops. After suitable pretreatment, spent mushroom compost can completely or partially substitute the growing media for the cultivation of different economically important horticultural crops [42,43].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Spent Button Mushroom Substrate on Yield and Quality of Baby Spinach (Spinacia oleracea)

Muchena

Pisa

Mutetwa

et al. 2021

International Journal of Agronomy

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Disposal of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) generated after mushroom cultivation is a subject of great concern. Unplanned disposal causes land, water, and air pollution together with the nuisance in the surroundings. During recent years, environmental legislation has forced mushroom growers to think about more amicable ways of SMS disposal. Hence, farmers in different corners of the country are using SMS as manure for various field crops and horticulture but without any support of the recommended rates from scientific data and therefore may not be getting the optimum benefits. This study sought to evaluate the effects of spent mushroom substrate on the yield and quality of baby spinach. The experiment was conducted in Mazowe, Zimbabwe, with 5 treatments (10 t ha−1, 20 t ha−1, 30 t ha−1 of SMS, and two controls) arranged in a CRBD and replicated 3 times. Biomass production (fresh mass, dry mass, root length, fresh root mass, and dry root mass) and sensory evaluation were determined 35 days after planting. Results showed that increasing rates of spent mushroom substrate significantly ( p < 0.05) increased the fresh yield and quality of baby spinach. Application of spent mushroom substrate beyond 30 t ha−1, however, increased the bitterness of baby spinach. The results of the study present the potential of the spent mushroom substrate as an organic fertilizer for the production of quality baby spinach.

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“…Most commercial growers treat the SMS by steaming to eradicate pathogens before removal from the growing room while some remove it without steaming. Spent mushroom substrate from the mushroom industry has many potential applications in horticulture and agriculture such as an organic fertiliser providing supplemental nutrient sources for growing crops, as a soil conditioner for improving the chemical and physical properties of soil, as an ingredient in horticultural substrate mixes, for home gardening and other uses (Uzun, 2004;Fidanza et al, 2006;Ryu et al, 2008;Fidanza & Davis, 2009;Phan & Sabaratnam, 2012;Rinker, 2017). A recent European Union (EU)-funded project BIOrescue (2016)(2017)(2018)(2019) has taken a technological approach to find uses for SMS with a "resource-efficient biorefinery concept" that would allow its transformation into valuable bio-based products, such as biopesticides, biodegradable nano-carriers for drug or fertiliser encapsulation and bio-based horticultural fertilisers (www.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fertiliser characteristics of stored spent mushroom substrate as a sustainable source of nutrients and organic matter for tillage, grassland and agricultural soils

Velusami

Jordan

Curran

et al. 2021

Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research

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Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is an organic manure that can be used with advantage in agriculture. Under European Union (EU) (Good Agricultural Practice for Protection of Waters) Regulations, SMS cannot be applied to land over the winter months and must be stored on concrete surfaces, either covered or uncovered, to prevent nutrient-rich runoff seeping into groundwater. Spent mushroom substrate at four storage facilities, two covered and two uncovered, was analysed for physical and chemical characteristics after storage for up to 12 mo. Significant differences (P<0.05) were identified for all parameters across the four sites, except for pH, but there were no consistent differences that correlated with uncovered or covered storage conditions. The content of nitrogen (N) and manganese (Mn) was significantly lower in uncovered SMS, while the content of iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) was significantly higher. The chemical nitrogen-phospous-potassium (NPK) fertiliser equivalent value of SMS, when applied at a rate of 10 t/ha, was between €105 and €191 per hectare. Nitrogen-phospous-potassium concentrations per kg wet weight were all higher in SMS that was stored under cover, meaning higher chemical fertiliser savings are possible. The high pH of stored SMS (7.8–8.1) means it could be used with good effect on acid soils instead of ground limestone. The low bulk density of SMS (0.545–0.593 g/cm3) makes it an ideal amendment to soils to improve soil structure and quality. There is some variability in the nutrient content of SMS from different sources, so it is advisable to get the material analysed when including in nutrient management plans.

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Spent Mushroom Substrate Uses

Cited by 57 publications

References 215 publications

Supplementation in mushroom crops and its impact on yield and quality

Supplementation in mushroom crops and its impact on yield and quality

Effect of Spent Button Mushroom Substrate on Yield and Quality of Baby Spinach (Spinacia oleracea)

Fertiliser characteristics of stored spent mushroom substrate as a sustainable source of nutrients and organic matter for tillage, grassland and agricultural soils

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