Speeding up an internal clock in humans?  Effects of click trains on subjective duration.

Penton-Voak, Ian S.; Edwards, Helen; Percival, Andrew; Wearden, J. H.

doi:10.1037/0097-7403.22.3.307

Cited by 198 publications

(292 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Hence any increase in arousal would have to be maintained for a similar interval. These same studies also suggest an increase in clock rate of only 10-30% (see Penton-Voak et al, 1996, for a discussion). Trains of clicks are likely to generate a different degree of arousal from saccades, but it is not clear why decay rate should vary so dramatically for the two kinds of resultant arousal functions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Arousal contributes to prospective duration estimation in general, and some specific biases (Penton-Voak et al, 1996;Wearden et al, 1998). It cannot, however, easily explain saccadic chronostasis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such manipulations would be expected to produce a larger effect for longer duration stimuli because the number of pulses accumulated by an internal clock is equal to rate multiplied by time, a prediction that has been verified in the case of arousing trains of clicks and flashes (Penton-Voak et al, 1996;Wearden, Edwards, Fakhri, & Percival, 1998). It has recently been suggested that saccadic chronostasis may also be a result of arousal operating on the pacemaker of the internal clock (Hodinott-Hill, Thilo, Cowey, & Walsh, 2002).…”

Section: Figure 1 About Herementioning

confidence: 92%

“…For example, a number of manipulations are thought to affect the speed of the pacemaker by influencing an individual's level of arousal (Penton-Voak, Edwards, Percival, & Wearden, 1996).…”

Section: Figure 1 About Herementioning

confidence: 99%

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Action, arousal, and subjective time

Yarrow

Haggard

Rothwell

2004

Consciousness and Cognition

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This is the unspecified version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Permanent repository link: AbstractSaccadic chronostasis refers to the subjective temporal lengthening of the first visual stimulus perceived after an eye movement. It has been quantified using a duration discrimination task. Most models of human duration discrimination hypothesise an internal clock. These models could explain chronostasis as a transient increase in internal clock speed due to arousal following a saccade, leading to temporal overestimation. Two experiments are described which addressed this hypothesis by parametrically varying the duration of the stimuli that are being judged.Changes in internal clock speed predict chronostasis effects proportional to

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figure 1 About Herementioning

confidence: 92%

“…For example, a number of manipulations are thought to affect the speed of the pacemaker by influencing an individual's level of arousal (Penton-Voak, Edwards, Percival, & Wearden, 1996).…”

Section: Figure 1 About Herementioning

confidence: 99%

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Action, arousal, and subjective time

Yarrow

Haggard

Rothwell

2004

Consciousness and Cognition

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“…The number of accumulated counts will be greater and the subjective duration longer, and this effect will be independent of the physical duration of the stimulus. By contrast, if the pacemaker runs faster in one condition than another then the difference between them will increase as the physical duration is extended because the number of accumulated counts is obtained by multiplying the rate of the pacemaker and the length of the accumulation period (Penton-Voak et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can we use verbal estimation to dissect the internal clock? Differentiating the effects of pacemaker rate, switch latencies, and judgment processes

Matthews

2011

Behavioural Processes

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Behavioural timing is frequently assumed to be based on the accumulation of pulses from a pacemaker. In humans, verbal estimation is often used to determine whether the effect of factors which influence subjective time become more pronounced at longer durations -that is, if they affect the slope of the judgment function, consistent with a change in the rate of the pacemaker. Here, participants judged blank intervals marked by two squares which either did or did not differ in size.In Experiment 1, a small change in marker size produced shorter temporal judgments than a large change. This effect was independent of objective duration and indicates that the slope changes seen in previous work are not an inevitable artefact of the verbal estimation procedure. However, Experiments 2 and 3 included conditions where the markers did not change size and established (a) that the effect of marker size depends on the other stimuli presented during the experiment, and (b) that slope effects occur even when they cannot possibly be due to a change in the rate of the pacemaker. Taken together, these results urge some caution in the use of verbal estimation as a methodology for deconstructing the putative internal clock.

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The Perception of Time: Basic Research and Some Potential Links to the Study of Language

Wearden¹

2008

Time to Speak

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The article first discusses some recent work in time perception-in particular the distinction among prospective timing, retrospective timing, and passage of time judgments. The history and application of an "internal clock" model as an explanation of prospective timing performance is reviewed and contrasted with the different mechanisms needed for the other two types of time judgments. The article then discusses two areas suggesting relations between time perception research and language. The first is the idea that disturbances in the perception of duration, usually of very brief auditory stimuli, are associated with some language disorders. Another is the common use of metaphors for time, and the article relates these to the issue of whether a genuine "time sense" exists.Language is certainly not necessary for organisms to show sensitivity to the temporal structure of their environment or even to adjust their behavior to quite arbitrary temporal periodicities or constraints imposed by experimenters. For example, in the Pavlovian "inhibition of delay" procedure, animals receive long presentations of a neutral stimulus (such as a bell or a tone), and when the stimulus terminates, food is delivered. Pavlov (1927) noted that the prototypical conditioned response of salivation eventually comes to be localized in the later parts of the stimulus; that is, the animal learns something about how long the bell or tone lasts. In later experiments by others, animals were rewarded with food for responses, like key-pecks and lever-presses, only at a certain time after

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Speeding up an internal clock in humans? Effects of click trains on subjective duration.

Cited by 198 publications

References 29 publications

Action, arousal, and subjective time

Action, arousal, and subjective time

Can we use verbal estimation to dissect the internal clock? Differentiating the effects of pacemaker rate, switch latencies, and judgment processes

The Perception of Time: Basic Research and Some Potential Links to the Study of Language

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