Speed Distribution Curves for Pedestrians During Walking and Crossing

Chandra, Satish; Bharti, Anish Kumar

doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.11.160

Cited by 124 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In India, [49,51,[138][139][140][141][142]] studied movement of pedestrians over sidewalk, carriageway, wide-sidewalk, precinct, stairway, walkway and crosswalk. It was found by [49] that free flow speed for all the different types of locations was 84 m/min up to a density of 3.6 ped/m 2 .…”

Section: Multiple (Exclusive and Non-exclusive) Facilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was concluded that due to the limitations of heavy pedestrian flows and width of facility, pedestrians in India walked slower, but given proper facility, the pedestrians could have comparable walking speeds as in the USA, UK or China. Study over the sidewalk, wide-sidewalk, precinct and carriageway was also made by [141], where the observed mean speed over the different facilities were 75, 82, 58 and 74 m/min respectively. In 2014, [142] had made similar studies over sidewalks, wide-sidewalks, carriageways and crossings; and observed mean walking and crossing speeds over such facilities as 70, 64, 70 and 75 m/min respectively.…”

Section: Multiple (Exclusive and Non-exclusive) Facilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pedestrian flow characteristics and level of service on dissimilar facilities: A critical review

2018

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Present paper reviewed the past studies on pedestrian flow characteristics (such as speed, flow, density, space, free-flow speed and jam density) and development of Pedestrian Level of Service (PLOS) for various pedestrian facilities (i.e., sidewalk, walkway, crosswalk, grade separated, stairways and escalators. Fundamental relationships (between speed and density) were observed over different facilities and were found to be significantly different. The fundamental relationships for sidewalk facility predicted the range of free flow speeds to be 65 − 85 m/min and jam densities to be 3.5 − 5.3 ped/m 2 . The minimum and maximum pedestrian speeds over sidewalk facility in different countries observed were 52 m/min and 98 m/min respectively, with a mean speed of 79 m/min. The male pedestrians walked at 4 − 9 m/min higher speed in comparison to their female counterparts; while the older pedestrians walked at 15 − 20 m/min lower speed than the younger ones over the various types of crosswalk facilities. Similarly, speed-density relationships for ascending and descending stairways showed that the difference between the two directions varied between 4 − 12 m/min, and that the speed was significantly higher in case of descending direction. Moreover, the jam densities for stairways were also observed to be lower in case of descending direction, as the pedestrians generally maintain higher gap (than in ascending direction) with other pedestrians in front to avoid pushing and the risk of falling down. The flow characteristics were significantly influenced by the type of facility, width, age, gender and location of the study. Primarily factors such as physique (height), culture (dress), attractions (presence of hawkers located along sidewalks), friction (due to parked vehicles), purpose of walking trip and environmental conditions were the main reasons for pedestrians of countries such as Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Bangladesh, Indonesia and Sri-Lanka to walk significantly slower than the counterparts pedestrians in the USA, UK or Canada. The review conducted on the PLOS mainly looked into the type of survey conducted (qualitative vs. quantitative), LOS parameters and the various software/models used in development of LOS. Researchers from the USA and Japan preferably used both qualitative and quantitative approaches in defining LOS over sidewalks; while in India, China and Malaysia qualitative method was highly preferred. Pedestrian volume, safety, surface, obstruction and width were observed as essential parameters for qualitative survey while density, flow rate, pedestrian speed and width were used in quantitative survey for sidewalks. In developing the PLOS over sidewalk facility; Conjoint analysis, Landis method, HCM method, affinity propagation cluster algorithm and Gainesville method were preferred by various researchers. Studies conducted over crosswalk facility measured space, flow rate, vehicle volume and delay as the most significant factors in developing LOS based on quantitative technique; while vehicle speed, ...

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Section: Multiple (Exclusive and Non-exclusive) Facilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Multiple (Exclusive and Non-exclusive) Facilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pedestrian flow characteristics and level of service on dissimilar facilities: A critical review

2018

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“…The development of mathematical tools focused on the modelling of the speed distribution in a traffic flow is widely reported in the scientific literature [21][22][23][24]. Many papers concern this problem since vehicles speed distribution is an important input parameter in lots of issues, such as kinematical traffic simulation model, road design, speed limit evaluation, road traffic noise prediction, traffic safety evaluation, bicycle performance evaluation, analysis of pedestrian walking, road transport emission estimation [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33], [46] etc. Since 1940 majority of papers considered speed distribution as Gaussian or Normal distribution (Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Possibility of Presenting a Semi-Stochastic Speed-Density Function

2016

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Abstract. Underlying a fundamental diagram is a relation between traffic speed and density which roughly corresponds to drivers' speed choices under varying car-following distances. Stochastic and deterministic models are mainly two different categories of speed-density models. The advantages of deterministic models are their mathematical simplicity and analytical tractability though their results will show just the average parameters. Although the stochastic models may represent more accurate results taking uncertainty into account, they are often hard to use and analytically not tractable. The aim of this paper is to investigate the possibility of presenting a model which is neither completely deterministic nor completely stochastic but easy to use and understand which incorporates different traffic conditions and speed distributions. Monte Carlo Method has been used to generate different speed distributions based on different traffic conditions and consequently generating their relevant densities. Surveying the relation between the mentioned speed distributions and the obtained densities kept the chance of presenting a model which is neither completely deterministic nor completely stochastic but easy to use and understand which incorporates different traffic conditions and speed distributions.

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“…However, in real life, different people have different walking speeds due to their differences in ages, genders, physical conditions, and travel purposes. Statistical data show that the walking speeds of pedestrians satisfy the normal distribution [41]. Based on statistical data, we can assume that the average walking speed is 1.3 m/s and the standard deviation is 0.15 times the average walking speed, that is, ∼ (1.3, 0.195).…”

Section: Simulation Analysis In Consideration Of the Heterogeneity Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pedestrian Group-Crossing Behavior Modeling and Simulation Based on Multidimensional Dirty Faces Game

Wang

Cheong

et al. 2017

Complexity

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The conflict between pedestrians and vehicles plays a significant role in influencing the efficiency of intersections. In turn, the effectiveness of intersections greatly affects the entire network. Statistical data indicates that up to 70% of people move in groups (such as friends, couples, or families walking together). The pedestrian group-crossing behavior, as well as an analysis of the dynamics between groups of pedestrians and vehicles at unsignalized intersections, deserves a thorough study. In this paper, a model based on the multidimensional dirty faces game is proposed to analyze the crossing behavior of pedestrians and vehicles as "rational people." Computer simulations were performed to investigate the effect of the group size on crossing behavior and conflict risks. The relationship between heterogeneity of waiting time and walking speed is also investigated. These findings can be used to advance understanding on the "Chinese style road crossing" phenomenon and elucidate the dynamics involved.

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Speed Distribution Curves for Pedestrians During Walking and Crossing

Cited by 124 publications

References 7 publications

Pedestrian flow characteristics and level of service on dissimilar facilities: A critical review

Pedestrian flow characteristics and level of service on dissimilar facilities: A critical review

Assessing the Possibility of Presenting a Semi-Stochastic Speed-Density Function

Pedestrian Group-Crossing Behavior Modeling and Simulation Based on Multidimensional Dirty Faces Game

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