Speed-Accuracy Tradeoff in Reaction Time: Effect of Discrete Criterion Times.

Pachella, Robert G.; Pew, Richard W.

doi:10.1037/h0021275

Cited by 101 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The notion that people can trade response time for accuracy in any task has been well-documented (Fitts, 1966;Garret, 1922;Hick, 1952;Ollman, 1966;Pachella & Pew, 1968;Pew, 1969;Schouten & Bekker, 1967;Wickelgren, 1977;Woodworth, 1899). At the heart of the problem is the fact that individual participants respond per an unknown internal criterion that is likely to be dynamic over time.…”

Section: Rt-accuracy Tradeoff Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the existing literature shows that they are often not statistically independent of each other, and moreover the relationship is sometimes complex, and subject to individual differences. Since RT and accuracy are variables derived from the same decision process with an unknown and dynamic criterion, it seems conceptually difficult to regard them as independent variables, and ideally, statistical models of RT and accuracy should reflect this (Fitts, 1966;Pachella & Fisher, 1969;Pachella & Pew, 1968;Pew, 1969;Ratcliff, 1985;Ratcliff & Hacker, 1981;Ratcliff & Rouder, 1998;Wickelgren, 1977). Many researchers consider qualitatively whether a tradeoff between RT and accuracy is present in their data, at least at the level of group or condition averages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling accuracy as a function of response time with the generalized linear mixed effects model

Davidson¹,

Martin²

2013

Acta Psychologica

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a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f oIn psycholinguistic studies using error rates as a response measure, response times (RT) are most often analyzed independently of the error rate, although it is widely recognized that they are related. In this paper we present a mixed effects logistic regression model for the error rate that uses RT as a trial-level fixed-and random-effect regression input. Production data from a translation-recall experiment are analyzed as an example. Several model comparisons reveal that RT improves the fit of the regression model for the error rate. Two simulation studies then show how the mixed effects regression model can identify individual participants for whom (a) faster responses are more accurate, (b) faster responses are less accurate, or (c) there is no relation between speed and accuracy. These results show that this type of model can serve as a useful adjunct to traditional techniques, allowing psycholinguistic researchers to examine more closely the relationship between RT and accuracy in individual subjects and better account for the variability which may be present, as well as a preliminary step to more advanced RT-accuracy modeling.

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Section: Rt-accuracy Tradeoff Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling accuracy as a function of response time with the generalized linear mixed effects model

Davidson¹,

Martin²

2013

Acta Psychologica

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show abstract

“…Experiment 3 assesses this proposal by using a response-deadline technique to prevent subjects from using conservative response criteria (cf. Pachella & Pew, 1968;Pachella, Smith, & Stanovich, 1978).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pachella & Pew, 1968;Pachella et al, 1978). This requires subjects to attempt to respond prior to a specified criterion time and for error rate to be used as an index of processing difficulty.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexibility of attention between stimulus dimensions

Humphreys

1981

Perception & Psychophysics

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Three experiments examined the flexibility of attention to the color and location dimensions of visual stimuli. Displays typically consisted of two curved lines, one a target and the other a distractor. Subjects were precued to the location of the target, and they made a speeded response to that item's direction of curvature. In Experiment 1, a color difference between the stimuli facilitated selective attention to targets. Experiment 2 demonstrated that this effect was not automatic. Although component color differences were necessary for selective attention, they were not sufficient unless they reliably specified the target. Furthermore, when color was informative but the target was in an unexpected color, performance was markedly impaired. A third experiment, using a response-deadline technique, showed that stimulus color was resolved before stimulus location and that attention can be exclusive to the color dimension. The results were interpreted in terms of a model assuming that stimulus color and location are processed independently. Subjects attend to the dimension resolved most quickly which can reliably specify the target.

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“…As envisaged by Laberge (1962), the model would be appropriate to different latency situations, including simple RT. In this respect, Pachella and Pew (1968) have obtained results supporting a generalized random walk model for simple RT. Their model is similar to that derived by Edwards (1965) from the proposals of Stone (1960) and has several features in common with the counting model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

The latencies of correct and incorrect responses in discrimination and detection tasks: Their interpretation in terms of a model based on simple counting

Pike

1971

Perception & Psychophysics

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A model for two-choice discrimination based on a process of simple counting is described, and two experiments are performed to test the predictions of the model concerning the graph of latency as a function of response proportion. Two main forms of this graph are identified and predicted to arise in different circumstances. The experimental results support the model, and its possible extension to other psychophysical situations, especially signal detection, are then discussed. It is compared with a model derived directly from the detection situation, and the usefulness of testing these models is pointed out.

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Speed-Accuracy Tradeoff in Reaction Time: Effect of Discrete Criterion Times.

Cited by 101 publications

References 4 publications

Modeling accuracy as a function of response time with the generalized linear mixed effects model

Modeling accuracy as a function of response time with the generalized linear mixed effects model

Flexibility of attention between stimulus dimensions

The latencies of correct and incorrect responses in discrimination and detection tasks: Their interpretation in terms of a model based on simple counting

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