Speech Impairment, Phonation, Writing, Salivation, and Swallowing in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease

Savić, Goran

doi:10.5772/intechopen.69711

Cited by 2 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Increased subglottic pressure is a reflection of laryngeal resistance during phonation, due to vocal rigidity and reduced tension, which are also characteristics of this disease [17]. Patients do not inhale enough air, which causes interruption of speech [18]. Due to the speech breathing, individuals with PD may produce a reduced length of utterance [14].…”

Section: Abnormalities In Respirationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reduced duration of phonation is a consequence of respiratory muscle weakness, reduced vital capacity, and glottal insufficiency [18]. According to Sachin et al, as cited in Ferrand [17], due to the rigidity of the vocal cords, their normal vibration is not possible.…”

Section: Disorders Of Phonationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although hypernasality is not usually considered to be a key feature of hypokinetic dysarthria, individual variations are possible [20]. Empirical data suggest that hypernasality may occur in these patients as a consequence of limited soft palate movements and velopharyngeal dysfunction [18,20].…”

Section: Resonance Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In their empirical study, Read et al [5] concluded that the limitation of oral musculature mobility in PD affects all sounds of spoken language equally and simultaneously. The disorders are most noticeable during the production of sounds that require a wide jaw angle for articulation (such as sounds A, O, L, R, K, and G) and those that require the engagement of different groups of articulatory muscles [18]. Some authors point out that disorders in the articulation of vowels can also be an early marker of PD and that they can be specially manifested in more complex speech acts such as monologues [26].…”

Section: Articulation Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At first, the person speaks loudly. As the length of speech increases, the speech tempo accelerates and the intensity of the voice decreases [18].…”

Section: Prosody Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Speech disorders in Parkinson’s disease - characteristics, assessment and treatment

2021

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Introduction. Parkinson?s disease belongs to the group of extrapyramidal neurodegenerative diseases and occurs as a consequence of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the mesencephalon. Persons with Parkinson?s disease may experience a wide range of motor and non-motor symptoms. Material and Methods. A literature search was conducted using electronic databases on the Internet and electronic databases of Serbian libraries. Results. Speech disorders in Parkinson?s disease are classified in the group of hypokinetic dysarthria. Empirical data show that the basic characteristics of dysarthria in people with Parkinson?s disease are changes in voice quality, difficulties in articulating consonants, abnormalities in vowel production, monotonous speech, changes in speech rate, rough and breathy voice, increased voice nasality, reduced intensity of voice, involuntary pauses during speech, and palilalia. Methods used in the assessment of speech disorders include perceptual voice analysis, such as the overall dysphonia Grade, Roughness, Breathiness, Asthenia, Strain and Consensus Auditory Perceptual Evaluation of Voice scales, acoustic voice analysis (e.g., Multi-Dimensional Voice Program), and voice quality self-assessment methods (e.g., Voice Handicap Index and the Dysarthria Impact Profile). In the treatment of dysarthria, various behavioral methods of speech therapy are used, among which the Lee Silverman method is particularly important. Conclusion. Speech disorders in Parkinson?s disease manifest as altered patterns of respiration, phonation, resonance, articulation and prosody. The best results in the treatment are achieved by combination of medical, surgical, and behavioral therapy, through the cooperation of experts of different profiles as well as with family members of the patient.

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Section: Abnormalities In Respirationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Disorders Of Phonationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resonance Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Articulation Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At first, the person speaks loudly. As the length of speech increases, the speech tempo accelerates and the intensity of the voice decreases [18].…”

Section: Prosody Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Speech disorders in Parkinson’s disease - characteristics, assessment and treatment

2021

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A Survey on The Impact of Early Speech and Vocal Changes on Young Onset Parkinson’s Disease.

Liangos¹

2021

Preprint

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Patients with Young Onset Parkinson's Disease may have a long medical journey to receive their diagnosis due to their atypical age. Parkinson's Disease is typically diagnosed in a geriatric population and thus assumed to be a late-onset neurodegenerative disorder. Therefore, when younger people approach clinicians with parkinsonian symptoms, they are typically overlooked as they do not meet the age criteria, and thus the diagnosis may be missed or delayed. In late-onset Parkinson's Disease, a classic primary symptom pertains to voice and speech disorders due to the high prevalence of hypokinetic dysarthria. Thus, a review of speech and voice deficits that are seen prior to or within the time frame of diagnosis can highlight the speech and vocal patterns clinicians may see within a younger population. This could provide an effective tool for clinicians to make a quicker diagnosis for patients and administer medication such as Levodopa without having the patient go through rigorous, time-consuming testing. Furthermore, within neuroscience, little attention is paid to the impact of early speech and vocal changes. Therefore, this study would also like to explore the impact of these changes, highlighting the urge for clinicians not to stigmatise younger patients by age to receive a rapid diagnosis and treatment. This study follows the proceedings of a survey methodology via a formulated questionnaireinserted in a Google Form containing 12 statements, which contained closed-ended questions (Yes/No indicators) and open-ended questions where the participants indicated their answer by filling in a short statement regarding their experience. The statements contained questions about the diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease, the speech and vocal changes experienced, the socio-social effects of the speech and vocal changes on their personal lives and if they found that medication helped their vocal and speech symptoms. The questionnaire yielded a total of 43 participants with young-onset Parkinson's Disease. The results indicated that most of the participants suffered from speech and vocal changes, which resembled the clinical profile of severe hypokinetic dysarthria, typically seen in later stages of Parkinson's Disease in late-onset. In addition, the changes in speech and voice were so impactful that they caused significant distress in the psychosocial domain of their lives. Despite the severity of the speech and vocal changes, most participants struggled to receive a diagnosis, while hardly any received appropriate speech therapy treatment to aid their overall quality of life. Thus, this study concludes that the results of this study are essential to break stigmas and open the conversation in neuroscience and neurology on YOPD. Improvement clinical knowledge of this unique subtype of Parkinson's needs to be stressed amongst clinical practitioners that age of onset does not play a role in managing, treating, and diagnosing Parkinson's Disease.

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Speech Impairment, Phonation, Writing, Salivation, and Swallowing in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease

Cited by 2 publications

References 33 publications

Speech disorders in Parkinson’s disease - characteristics, assessment and treatment

Speech disorders in Parkinson’s disease - characteristics, assessment and treatment

A Survey on The Impact of Early Speech and Vocal Changes on Young Onset Parkinson’s Disease.

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