Spectrum of Thyroid Lesions-Histomorphological Patterns - Experience at a Tertiary Care Centre

Abstract

BACKGROUNDThyroid gland is unique among endocrine organs. Thyroid tumours are the most common endocrine tumours which affect females more frequently at age range of 30-60 years most of which are benign. Malignant neoplasms of thyroid are not uncommon with follicular pattern lesions. Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy is itself not a reliable method to differentiate between benign and malignant follicular tumours. Surgical resection helps in accurate diagnosis of these tumours. AIMS AND OBJECTIVESTo study the distribution of lesions according to age, sex and with clinicohistomorphological correlation. MATERIALS AND METHODSThis study is a retrospective and prospective analysis of thyroid swellings received at our tertiary care centre during the period of two and half years between January 2013 and June 2015 in the age range of 6 years to 78 years. A total of 148 specimens received during the period were analysed for clinical and histomorphological features. Immunohistochemistry was done for diagnosis of difficult cases. RESULTSOut of total 148 cases, most common clinical presentation was multinodularity in 67 cases (45%), solitary nodules in 54 (36%). Out of benign lesions-84 (57%) were nodular hyperplasias, 5 cases (3%) of colloid cyst. Malignant lesions composed 32 cases, PTC constituted 25 cases (18%), 3 (2%) cases of medullary carcinoma of thyroid, anaplastic carcinoma of thyroid diagnosed (0.5%). CONCLUSIONOur study over a period of two and half years of thyroidectomies showed female preponderance. The most common lesion amongst benign lesions was nodular hyperplasia and papillary carcinoma was commonest in malignancies.