Spectrum of gluten-related disorders: consensus on new nomenclature and classification

Abstract

A decade ago celiac disease was considered extremely rare outside Europe and, therefore, was almost completely ignored by health care professionals. In only 10 years, key milestones have moved celiac disease from obscurity into the popular spotlight worldwide. Now we are observing another interesting phenomenon that is generating great confusion among health care professionals. The number of individuals embracing a gluten-free diet (GFD) appears much higher than the projected number of celiac disease patients, fueling a global market of gluten-free products approaching $2.5 billion (US) in global sales in 2010. This trend is supported by the notion that, along with celiac disease, other conditions related to the ingestion of gluten have emerged as health care concerns. This review will summarize our current knowledge about the three main forms of gluten reactions: allergic (wheat allergy), autoimmune (celiac disease, dermatitis herpetiformis and gluten ataxia) and possibly immune-mediated (gluten sensitivity), and also outline pathogenic, clinical and epidemiological differences and propose new nomenclature and classifications.

Productos libres de gluten: un reto para la industria de los alimentos

“…La enfermedad celiaca es una enteropatía inmune mediada que se desarrolla en pacientes con predisposición genética (Murray, 1999;Schuppan, 2000;Sapone et al, 2012). Incluye casos en los que se presentan síntomas intestinales clásicos, diarrea crónica, pérdida de peso y afines; o síntomas extraintestinales no clásicos, como anemia, osteoporosis, trastornos neurológicos y dermatitis herpetiforme (Murray, 1999;Cosnes et al, 2008;Freitag et al, 2009;Sapone et al, 2012).…”

Editorial: Non-Celiac Wheat Sensitivity: Separating the Wheat from the Chat!

“…Th is led to an international panel of experts from 14 countries participating in the London, United Kingdom, consensus meeting in 2011 ( 44 ). From this meeting emerged or remerged the term GS.…”

“…Th e consensus statement suggests that clinical symptoms can overlap with CD or wheat allergy but must be characterized by negative antibodies (except perhaps gliadins) and grossly normal histology. Th e hallmark for diagnosis of this condition is the clinical improvement on a GFD in the absence of antibodies and intestinal mucosal abnormalities ( 44 ). Th e prevalence of GS was reported as 6 % based on the Maryland clinic experience (where between 2004 and 2010, 5,896 patients were seen with 347 fulfi lling GS criteria) ( 44 ).…”

Elaboração e caracterização de cookies sem glúten enriquecidos com farinha de coco: uma alternativa para celíacos

“…Nos últimos anos, tem-se observado uma relação direta do consumo de glúten -proteína dos cereais -com o aumento de casos de sensibilidade alimentar dentro da população em geral (SAPONE et al, 2012;GREEN et al, 2015;ZINGONE et al, 2015).…”