Spectrum of clinical presentation, treatment and prognosis in a series of eight patients with leukaemia cutis

Watson, Kimberly; Mufti, Ghulam J.; Salisbury, Jonathan R.; Vivier, Anthony du; Creamer, Daniel

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2230.2005.02022.x

Cited by 82 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Das histologische Bild variiert in der Regel auch im zeitlichen Verlauf erheblich und korreliert nicht zwangsläufig mit der Klinik [6,63]. Für die endgültige diagnostische Einordnung sind daher insbesondere die hämatoonkologischen Befunde aus dem peripheren Blut und dem Knochenmark, aber auch der klinische Verlauf der Leukämie zu berücksichtigen.…”

Section: Klinische Befundeunclassified

Leukaemia cutis – Epidemiologie, Klinik und Differenzialdiagnosen

Wagner

Fenchel

Back

et al. 2011

J Deutsche Derma Gesell

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Klinische Befundeunclassified

Leukaemia cutis – Epidemiologie, Klinik und Differenzialdiagnosen

Wagner

Fenchel

Back

et al. 2011

J Deutsche Derma Gesell

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…29 The cutaneous lesions produced by different leukemia subtypes have remarkable uniformity; however, a patient may develop distinctly different morphologies over the course of the disease. 29,30 The most commonly involved anatomic location are the lower extremities followed by the upper extremities, back, trunk, and face. 31 Interestingly, LC may have a predilection for sites of previous or current inflammation.…”

Section: How Do Ms and Lc Most Often Present Clinically?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…28 In most patients, LC occurs after a diagnosis of leukemia has been established and most frequently presents with single or multiple erythematous papules and nodules. 29 The cutaneous lesions produced by different leukemia subtypes have remarkable uniformity; however, a patient may develop distinctly different morphologies over the course of the disease. 29,30 The most commonly involved anatomic location are the lower extremities followed by the upper extremities, back, trunk, and face.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

How I treat extramedullary acute myeloid leukemia

Bakst¹,

Tallman

Douer

et al. 2011

Blood

413

586

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionAcute leukemia may present in a variety of extramedullary (EM) tissues with or without bone marrow disease. EM involvement by acute leukemia is a relatively rare, but clinically significant, phenomenon that often poses therapeutic dilemmas. Myeloid sarcoma (MS) and leukemia cutis (LC) represent 2 well-known EM manifestations. MS (also known as granulocytic sarcoma or chloroma) is a rare EM tumor of immature myeloid cells. It was first described in 1811 1 and later named "chloroma" by King 2 in 1853 because of its green color caused by the presence of myeloperoxidase (MPO). 3 Five decades later, the relationship of MS to acute leukemia was identified. 4 The term "granulocytic sarcoma" was introduced later by Rappaport to describe only tumors of granulocytic origin 5 ; however, the term is now often applied to any tumor related to acute leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).LC is the infiltration of the epidermis, dermis, or subcutis by neoplastic leukocytes (leukemia cells) resulting in clinically identifiable cutaneous lesions. LC commonly results in subcutaneous nodules and can be confusingly referred to as cutaneous granulocytic sarcoma. 6,7 For the purposes of this article, LC will refer to cutaneous involvement only. LC has been described mostly in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but also in the accelerated phase of chronic myeloid leukemia, MDS, and rarely in acute lymphocytic leukemias. 7 In this article, we describe an approach and therapeutic strategies for patients with EM manifestations of leukemia by addressing a series of questions commonly raised by the practicing clinician. How common are MS and LC, respectively?MS is reported in 2.5%-9.1% 8-10 of patients with AML and occurs concomitantly, following, or, rarely, antedating the onset of systemic bone marrow leukemia. 11 Isolated MS, defined by the absence of a history of leukemia, MDS, or myeloproliferative neoplasm and a negative bone morrow biopsy, has been described in limited case reports. 12 Many of these patients are often misdiagnosed with lymphoma. 13,14 Certain known AML cytogenetic abnormalities, in particular t(8,21), have been associated with a higher incidence. 15 MS can also develop at relapse with or without marrow involvement. The incidence of patients developing MS after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) has been reported to be 0.2%-1.3% with poor overall survival. 16,17 LC occurs in ϳ 3% of patients with AML 18 and less frequently in chronic leukemias. 19 The reported incidence may be overestimated if biopsy is not performed because skin lesions similar to LC have a wide range of inflammatory, neoplastic, and infectious etiologies. 19 Certain subtypes of AML are more commonly associated with skin infiltration. The most frequent association occurs with acute myelomonocytic and monocytic differentiation with involvement in up to 50% of patients. 18,20,21 The incidence of LC may be higher in children, particularly infants with myeloid leukemia. 22 How do MS and LC most often present clinically?MS most...

show abstract

“…The histological appearance generally varies, also over the course of disease, and does not necessarily correlate with clinical appearances [6,63]. In making the conclusive diagnosis, hematologic results from the peripheral blood and bone marrow as well as the clinical course should be taken into account.…”

Section: Histopathology/cytology/ Immunochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Leukemia cutis – epidemiology, clinical presentation, and differential diagnoses

Wagner

Fenchel

Back

et al. 2011

J Deutsche Derma Gesell

143

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Keywords• leukemia cutis • acute myeloid leukemia • chronic lymphocytic leukemia • chloroma • myeloid sarcoma • granulocytic sarcoma • gingival hyperplasia Summary Leukemia cutis is an extramedullary manifestation of leukemia. The frequency and age distribution depend on the leukemia subtype. The clinical and morphological findings have a wide range of cutaneous manifestations and may present with nodular lesions and plaques. Rare manifestations include erythematous macules, blisters and ulcers which can each occur alone or in combination. Apart from solitary or grouped lesions, leukemia cutis may also present with an erythematous rash in a polymorphic clinical pattern. Consequently, leukemia cutis has to be distinguished from numerous differential diagnoses, i. e. cutaneous metastases of visceral malignancies, lymphoma, drug eruptions, viral infections, syphilis, ulcers of various origins, and blistering diseases. In the oral mucosa, gingival hyperplasia is the main differential diagnosis. The knowledge of the clinical morphology is of tremendously importance in cases in which leukemia was not yet known.

show abstract

Spectrum of clinical presentation, treatment and prognosis in a series of eight patients with leukaemia cutis

Cited by 82 publications

References 5 publications

Leukaemia cutis – Epidemiologie, Klinik und Differenzialdiagnosen

Leukaemia cutis – Epidemiologie, Klinik und Differenzialdiagnosen

How I treat extramedullary acute myeloid leukemia

Leukemia cutis – epidemiology, clinical presentation, and differential diagnoses

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About