Spectrum Occupancy in an Urban Environment: A Cognitive Radio Approach

Marțian, Alexandru; Marcu, Ioana; Marghescu, Ion

doi:10.1109/aict.2010.90

Cited by 30 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…However these results are location dependents. Results within this band from Mumbai [16], Hull City, UK in [29] and Romania [30] are bit lower than the values obtained. This is expected as the duty cycle in these bands are location dependent.…”

Section: Data Collection and Processingmentioning

confidence: 65%

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Spectrum Occupancy Measurements and Analysis in the 2.4-2.7 GHz Band in Urban and Rural Environments

Ayeni¹,

Фарук²,

Bello³

et al. 2016

IJFCC

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Abstract-Continuing proliferation of wireless devices exposes humanity to the reality of the twin challenge posed by finite frequency spectrum and almost infinite demand for the same frequency spectrum, necessitating the need for more ingenious spectrum management techniques. The band 2.4-2.7 GHz was originally created and classified for ISM, 3G, UMTS and WiMAX systems. It has become a frequency band which is generally used by end users due to the fact that it's inexpensive, easy to deploy and enhances frequency re-use. Quite a few measurements have been carried out in countries like France, Germany, India, Romania, UK and USA. This paper presents a study of an outdoor measurement on spectrum occupancy in both rural and urban areas in Kwara State, Nigeria, spanning across the frequency range of 2.4 GHz -2.7 GHz. The results show that the band being investigated is immensely underutilized with upper and lower occupancy values of 22.56% and 0% in urban and rural environments. These results were compared to other measurements conducted globally in this band or closely aligned bands.Index Terms-ISM band, spectrum occupancy, spectrum utilization, UMTS network.

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Section: Data Collection and Processingmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Due to the low occupancies in locations 8 and 9, the activities on this band were not captured on the spectrogram. Romania [30] 5.81 2.4 -2.7…”

Section: Data Collection and Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrum Occupancy Measurements and Analysis in the 2.4-2.7 GHz Band in Urban and Rural Environments

Ayeni¹,

Фарук²,

Bello³

et al. 2016

IJFCC

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“…In Romania, corresponding to the downlink communication direction i.e. for 880 -960 GSM, E-GSM, Military bands, occupancy level was found by Authors to be 46.80% and for 1710 -1880 GSM 1800, occupancy was 22.86% [7]. A survey was conducted in Barcelona, Spain [8] to carry out a broadband spectrum measurement campaign which covered the frequency range from 75MHz to 3GHz in an outdoor urban environment.…”

Section: Literature Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

An empirical assessment of Quasi-permanently vacant channels in mobile communication bands for cognitive radio

Nathani

Manna

Mule

2014

16th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology

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Basis of cognitive radio is to exploit unused frequency channels in licensed band. Recently standardised IEEE 802.22 set of cognitive radio protocols envisages fixed and nomadic receivers at below 800 MHz bands. Radio link design for this cognitive radio consider that the channels are available only dynamically to secondary users. Scanning period is thus embedded in link layer control as overhead and reduces overall efficiency of cognitive radio technology. For mobile receivers, availability of permanent channels for radio link control is essential for in-band signalling. Existing mobile communication system uses CDMA 800, GSM 900, GSM 1800 and WCDMA 2000 MHz bands for which approximately 1/8 th of the band capacity is used for in-band signalling. Present work provides an assessment of vacant channels in mobile communications range which were permanently available at the time of measurement. The study used conventional Radio frequency scanners available for different bands and dedicated engineering handsets for tracking active frequencies. The tests were performed with assemblies carried in a vehicle and across the length and breadth of each city. The allotment of frequencies by Frequency Regulatory Authority to local mobile operators along with the frequency bands reserved for further distribution were also considered. The experimentally collected data were analysed using RF analysis software and spread sheet database. An analysis of the collected data lead to arrive at the conclusion that more than 1/8 th part of resources of each band are nearly permanently vacant which is enough to design inband common control signalling methods for cognitive radio. Also, from collected data of eight cities, an empirical relationship has been established which can be taken as a thumb rule for projection of channel occupancy from densely populated core areas of big cities to scanty populated township areas when population is known.

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“…However, when the study reported in this chapter was initiated ( Table 2.1). Thenceforth, the number of reported spectrum occupancy studies in the context of DSA/CR has grown to include a greater number of locations all over the world such as Doha, Qatar [161], Bucharest, Romania [162], Amsterdam, Netherlands [163], Brno, Czech Republic [164], Paris, France [164] and some additional cities in the United States [165].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrum Usage Models for the Analysis, Design and Simulation of Cognitive Radio Networks

López-Benítez

Casadevall

2012

Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering

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ADVERTIMENT. La consulta d'aquesta tesi queda condicionada a l'acceptació de les següents condicions d'ús: La difusió d'aquesta tesi per mitjà del servei TDX (www.tesisenxarxa.net) ha estat autoritzada pels titulars dels drets de propietat intel·lectual únicament per a usos privats emmarcats en activitats d'investigació i docència. No s'autoritza la seva reproducció amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva difusió i posada a disposició des d'un lloc aliè al servei TDX. No s'autoritza la presentació del seu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant al resum de presentació de la tesi com als seus continguts. En la utilització o cita de parts de la tesi és obligat indicar el nom de la persona autora.ADVERTENCIA. La consulta de esta tesis queda condicionada a la aceptación de las siguientes condiciones de uso: La difusión de esta tesis por medio del servicio TDR (www.tesisenred.net) ha sido autorizada por los titulares de los derechos de propiedad intelectual únicamente para usos privados enmarcados en actividades de investigación y docencia. No se autoriza su reproducción con finalidades de lucro ni su difusión y puesta a disposición desde un sitio ajeno al servicio TDR. No se autoriza la presentación de su contenido en una ventana o marco ajeno a TDR (framing). Esta reserva de derechos afecta tanto al resumen de presentación de la tesis como a sus contenidos. En la utilización o cita de partes de la tesis es obligado indicar el nombre de la persona autora. WARNING.On having consulted this thesis you're accepting the following use conditions: Spreading this thesis by the TDX (www.tesisenxarxa.net) service has been authorized by the titular of the intellectual property rights only for private uses placed in investigation and teaching activities. Reproduction with lucrative aims is not authorized neither its spreading and availability from a site foreign to the TDX service. Introducing its content in a window or frame foreign to the TDX service is not authorized (framing). This rights affect to the presentation summary of the thesis as well as to its contents. In the using or citation of parts of the thesis it's obliged to indicate the name of the author Essentially, all models are wrong, but some are useful.George E. P. BoxTo my beloved family for their unconditional love and support.A mi querida familia por su cariño y apoyo incondicionales. 0 ABSTRACTThe owned spectrum allocation policy, in use since the early days of modern radio communications, has been proven to effectively control interference among radio communication systems and simplify the design of hardware for use at a known and fixed range of frequencies. However, the overwhelming proliferation of new operators, innovative services and wireless technologies during the last years has resulted, under this static regulatory regime, in the depletion of all spectrum bands with commercially attractive radio propagation characteristics. The vast majority of spectrum regarded as usable has already been allocated, thus...

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Spectrum Occupancy in an Urban Environment: A Cognitive Radio Approach

Cited by 30 publications

References 9 publications

Spectrum Occupancy Measurements and Analysis in the 2.4-2.7 GHz Band in Urban and Rural Environments

Spectrum Occupancy Measurements and Analysis in the 2.4-2.7 GHz Band in Urban and Rural Environments

An empirical assessment of Quasi-permanently vacant channels in mobile communication bands for cognitive radio

Spectrum Usage Models for the Analysis, Design and Simulation of Cognitive Radio Networks

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