Spectrum Handoff in Cognitive Radio Networks: A Survey

Abstract

Cognitive radio (CR) is a promising solution to improve the spectrum utilization by enabling unlicensed users to exploit the spectrum in an opportunistic manner. Spectrum handoff is a different type of handoff in CR necessitated by the reappearance of primary user (PU) in the licensed band presently occupied by the secondary users (SUs). Spectrum handoff procedures aim to help the SUs to vacate the occupied licensed spectrum and find suitable target channel to resume the unfinished transmission. The purpose of spectrum mobility management in cognitive radio networks is to make sure that the transitions are made smoothly and rapidly such that the applications running on a cognitive user perceive minimum performance degradation during a spectrum handoff. In this paper, we will survey the literature on spectrum handoff in cognitive radio networks.

Innovative Spectrum Handoff Process Using a Machine Learning-Based Metaheuristic Algorithm

“…Lala et al [ 13 ] described sensing the spectrum as detecting the presence of unoccupied frequency regions in the radio spectrum. Upon the arrival of a PU, the SHO is arranged.…”

Optimal value of past samples for decision making in cognitive radio networks

“…The spectral decision function plays a very important role for the optimal performance of the cognitive radio network (CRN) within the cognitive cycle (Lala, Balkhi, & Mir, 2017) since the proper move at a timely instant within the radioelectric spectrum guarantees that the PUs do not suffer from any interference during the use of licensed channels, and that the SUs have uninterrupted communications without delays that cause information loss. Hence, most of the research work has focused on improving and establishing more assertive strategies for optimal development (Das, Ghosh, Das, & Barman, 2017;Hoque, Azmal, & Arif, 2017;Kyryk & Yanyshyn, 2017).…”