Spectroscopic studies of fullerenes doped with rare earth and transition metal ions

Huffman, K. R.; DeLapp, K.; Andrews, H.; Sprinkle, P.; Nickels, M.; Norris, Brian

doi:10.1016/0022-2313(95)00146-8

Cited by 28 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Charge transfer from the incarcerated ion to the fullerene cage modifies the cage electronic structure and can permit optical interaction with the ions. Several of the erbium fullerenes have 1.5 µm luminescent emission [11][12][13], while EPR has been observed in others [14,15]. This provokes speculation as to the possibility for using this class of species as a method of introducing optical control and measurement techniques into the field of fullerene-based QIP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

PL, magneto‐PL and PLE of the trimetallic nitride template fullerene Er₃N@C₈₀

Jones

Morton

Taylor

et al. 2006

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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Er 3 N@C 80 exhibits sharp optical emission lines in the near-infrared attributed to fluorescence from the Er 3+ ion. Here we demonstrate that high magnetic fields cause this spectrum to split, corresponding to transitions from the lowest field-split Kramers doublet of the 4 I 13/2 manifold to the four lowest field-split levels of the 4 I 15/2 manifold. The internal structure of these fullerenes can be spatially aligned with a preferred orientation under high magnetic field; the effect of alignment is to reduce the broadening associated with the isotropic spatial averaging characteristic of powder or frozen-solution spectra. Using a tunable 1.5 µm laser, we directly observe non-cage-mediated optical interactions with the Er 3+ ion. This spectroscopic method provides the opportunity to map the energy level structure of the incarcerated ion and to coherently control its quantum state. These qualities suggest that rare-earth endohedral fullerenes have characteristics that could be employed as a readout pathway for fullerene-based quantum information processing.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

PL, magneto‐PL and PLE of the trimetallic nitride template fullerene Er₃N@C₈₀

Jones

Morton

Taylor

et al. 2006

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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“…57 Hoffman et al recognized the signature of Er 3 þ ions in the near-infrared emission spectra of some erbium endohedral fullerenes, 58 suggesting that six electrons are transferred from the bimetallic moiety to the cage in these structures. Considering the higher charge on the cage in these compounds, it was expected that their electron-accepting ability would be significantly lower than those of the empty fullerenes and monometallofullenes.…”

Section: Multimetallofullerenes M 2 @C 2n and Metal Carbide Endohedralmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemistry of Carbon Nanoparticles

Echegoyen¹,

Palkar²,

Melin³

2009

Electrochemistry of Functional Supramolecular Systems

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“…6,7 The symmetry of these metallofullerenes has not been characterized, but the voltammetry suggests that these species may have related electronic structures. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] It was unexpected, however, to find a C 82 or C 84 metallofullerene having the appearance of related electronic structures. The (Sc 2 ) +4 @(C 84 ) −4 formal charges are assigned to the metallofullerene, in agreement with recent chromatographic results from Dorn.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17,[18][19][20] Hoffman et al show by emission measurements that Er exists as the "+3" cation in Er 2 @C 82 . 12 Relative concentrations of nine isomers of Ca@C 82 derived from the C 82 isolated-pentagon-rule satisfying cages have been computed over a wide temperature interval. 15 The computations are based on the Gibbs energy constructed from partition Downloaded by [Laurentian University] at 06: 59 25 November 2014 functions supplied with molecular parameters from density functional theory calculations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The (Sc 2 ) +4 @(C 84 ) −4 formal charges are assigned to the metallofullerene, in agreement with recent chromatographic results from Dorn. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] The formal charges for Er 2 @C 82 were assigned as (Er 2 ) +6 @C 82 −6 . 6,16,60 The voltammetery of Sc 2 @C 84 is nearly identical to that of Er 2 @C 82 , suggesting that the identity of the encapsulated metal ion does not influence the electronic structure of dimetallic metallofullerenes (DMFs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Theoretical and Quantitative Structural Relationship Studies of Electrochemical Properties of the Nanostructures ofCis-Unsaturated Thiocrown Ethers and Their Supramolecular Complexes [X-UT-Y][M@C₈₂] (M˭Ce, Gd)

Taherpour

2010

Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements

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The endohedral lanthanidofullerenes, an important type of organolanthanides, are stabilized by the delocalization of the negative charges on the cages of fullerenes. Since the discovery of these classes of carbon compounds and their unusual structures and properties of these molecules, many potential applications have been suggested. Unsaturated thiocrown ethers with cis-geometry are a group of crown ethers that, in light of the size of their cavities and their conformational restriction compared to a corresponding saturated system (1-9), demonstrate interesting properties for physicochemical studies. Endohedral lanthanidofullerenes M@C x (x = 82 and M = Ce, Gd) were introduced as a new class of the spherical fullerene group with unique properties. Formation of endohedral metallofullerenes is thought to involve the transfer of electrons from the encapsulated metal atom(s) to the surrounding fullerene cage. Two of these molecules are the Ce@C 82 (10) and Gd@C 82 (11). The supramolecular complexes of 1-9 with Ce@C 82 (10) and Gd@C 82 (11) have been shown to possess a host-guest interaction for electron transfer processes, and these behaviors have previously been reported. Topological indices have been successfully used to construct effective and useful mathematical methods for finding good relationships between structural data and the various chemical and physical properties. To establish a good structural relationship between the structures of 1-9 and M@C x that were introduced here, an index that is represented as µ cs was utilized. This index is the ratio of summation of the number of carbon atoms (n c ) and the number of sulfur atoms (n s ) to the product of these two numbers for 1-9. In this study, the relationship between this index and oxidation potential ( ox E 1 ) of 1-9, as well as the free energy of electron transfer ( G et , by the Rehm-Weller equation) between 1-9 and 10 and 11 as [X-UT-Y][Ce@C 82 ] (12) and [X-UT-Y][Gd@C 82 ] (13) complexes, is presented.

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Spectroscopic studies of fullerenes doped with rare earth and transition metal ions

Cited by 28 publications

References 6 publications

PL, magneto‐PL and PLE of the trimetallic nitride template fullerene Er₃N@C₈₀

PL, magneto‐PL and PLE of the trimetallic nitride template fullerene Er₃N@C₈₀

Electrochemistry of Carbon Nanoparticles

Theoretical and Quantitative Structural Relationship Studies of Electrochemical Properties of the Nanostructures ofCis-Unsaturated Thiocrown Ethers and Their Supramolecular Complexes [X-UT-Y][M@C₈₂] (M˭Ce, Gd)

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Spectroscopic studies of fullerenes doped with rare earth and transition metal ions

Cited by 28 publications

References 6 publications

PL, magneto‐PL and PLE of the trimetallic nitride template fullerene Er3N@C80

PL, magneto‐PL and PLE of the trimetallic nitride template fullerene Er3N@C80

Electrochemistry of Carbon Nanoparticles

Theoretical and Quantitative Structural Relationship Studies of Electrochemical Properties of the Nanostructures ofCis-Unsaturated Thiocrown Ethers and Their Supramolecular Complexes [X-UT-Y][M@C82] (M˭Ce, Gd)

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PL, magneto‐PL and PLE of the trimetallic nitride template fullerene Er₃N@C₈₀

PL, magneto‐PL and PLE of the trimetallic nitride template fullerene Er₃N@C₈₀

Theoretical and Quantitative Structural Relationship Studies of Electrochemical Properties of the Nanostructures ofCis-Unsaturated Thiocrown Ethers and Their Supramolecular Complexes [X-UT-Y][M@C₈₂] (M˭Ce, Gd)