Spectroscopic characterization of passivated titanium in a physiologic solution

Abstract

Titanium (Ti) has been used for many biomedical applications. Surface characteristics of titanium devices are critical to their success. In this study, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to analyse Ti surfaces prior to immersion in alpha-modification of Eagle's medium (¢-MEM). The ionic constituents deposited onto Ti surfaces after in vitro exposure to ~-MEM were investigated using XPS and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Surface studies revealed an amorphous oxide layer on the Ti surface, with a chemistry similar to TiO2. However, after exposure to the physiologic solution for 12 days, dynamic changes in surface chemistry were observed. Ions such as phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) were increasingly deposited as amorphous fine crystalline calciumphosphate (Ca-P) compounds, having a Ca/P ratio of 1.2 and a chemistry similar to brushite.

Surface Oxide Films on Titanium Alloys Regenerated in Hanks’ Solution

“…All binding energies given in this paper are relative to the Fermi level, and all spectra were excited with the monochromatized Al Kα line (1486.61 eV). The spectrometer was calibrated against Au 4f 7 values were based on published data. 15) In order to estimate the photoelectron peak intensities, the background was subtracted from the measured spectrum according to Shirley's method.…”

“…1) Calcium phosphates are formed on titanium and its alloys by immersion in Hanks' solution and other solutions, [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] resulting in the preferential adsorption of phosphate ions. 10,11) Hydrated phosphate ions are adsorbed by a hydrated titanium oxide surface during the release of protons.…”

Corrosion mechanism of Ti–Cr alloys in solution containing fluoride

“…The passive films of these materials allow them to maintain resistance to corrosion [1][2][3] . Although titanium and its alloys are well-known for their good corrosion resistance in the body, titanium appliances do occasionally show discoloration or corrosion in an oral environment 4,5) .…”

Characterization of Surface Oxide Film Formed on Ti–8Fe–8Ta–4Zr

“…This result is very similar to that obtained through calcium phosphate precipitation on titanium and titanium alloys in Hanks' solution. [23][24][25][26][27] The XPS spectrum of the O 1s electron binding energy region consists of at least three peaks originating from O 2À , hydroxide or hydroxyl groups, OH À , and hydrate and/or adsorbed water, as shown in Fig. 2 phosphate.…”