Spectroscopic characterization of intrinsic losses in an organic–inorganic hybrid waveguide synthesized by the sol–gel process

Oubaha, Mohamed; Smaïhi, M.; Etienne, Pascal; Coudray, Paul; Moreau, Yves

doi:10.1016/s0022-3093(02)01889-6

Cited by 64 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In a similar structure, the progressive condensation provoked an increase of 10 ppm [19,20]. Based on the literature, it is possible to confirm that the peaks observed in the sample recorded after 1 hour of reaction are not attributable to any condensed silica species.…”

Section: 1mentioning

confidence: 56%

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Structural and Optical Characterisation of an Erbium/Ytterbium Doped Hybrid Material Developed via a Nonhydrolytic Sol-Gel Route

Oubaha

Copperwhite

McDonagh

et al. 2010

SRX Materials Science

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This paper proposes the development and structural characterisation of an Er 3+ /Yb 3+ doped hybrid organic-inorganic material synthesised by a nonhydrolytic sol-gel process. By using a pumping laser diode at 980 nm, a typical Er 3+ luminescence has been recorded in the near infrared region (1.53-1.55 μm). However, the detected fluorescence was particularly weak compared to that generally observed in pure mineral materials, suggesting the occurrence of strong quenching due to multiphonon relaxation processes. To understand this behaviour, structural characterisation of both of the matrix and the local environment of Er 3+ ions were conducted employing infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance, and neutron scattering. These studies showed that the major phenomenon competing with the Er 3+ fluorescence is intimately associated to the strong vibrational modes of the organic species that involve multiphonon relaxation processes, resulting in energy dissipation within the host matrix.

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Section: 1mentioning

confidence: 56%

“…In particular, Ormosils (organically modified silicon) (R xSi(OR)4-x) synthesised by the sol-gel process [1] have been widely studied for the preparation of hybrid organicinorganic materials for different applications such as separation [2,3], sensing [4,5], surface protection [6,7], and optics [8][9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and Optical Characterisation of an Erbium/Ytterbium Doped Hybrid Material Developed via a Nonhydrolytic Sol-Gel Route

Oubaha

Copperwhite

McDonagh

et al. 2010

SRX Materials Science

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“…Following 5 min of reaction, water (pH 7) was added dropwise to the mixture to complete the hydrolysis of a predefined percentage of the total alkoxide groups. A more detailed account of the sol-gel synthesis can be found in a previous paper by the authors (Oubaha et al 2003). A photoinitiator was added to the final sol prior to use in order to make the materials photopolymerisable.…”

Section: Sol-gel Materials Compositionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has previously been demonstrated that polycondensation reactions of the silanol groups into irreversible siloxane groups are catalyzed by the inclusion of ZPO (Oubaha et al 2003). The result is a significant increase in siloxane bonds which are well-known to be hydrophobic (Jaynes and Boyd 1991).…”

Section: Surface Characterisation-effect Of Oxygen Plasma Modificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and characterisation of integrated microfluidics on waveguide-based photonic platforms fabricated from hybrid materials

Copperwhite

O’Sullivan

Boothman

et al. 2011

Microfluid Nanofluid

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“…The principle of confining ILs within photopatternable silicon/zirconium hybrid materials has been demonstrated and their conductivity and electrochromic behaviour correlated to the IL concentrations. In comparison to the relatively simple silicate-based sol-gel matrices employed so far in the development of ionogels, our materials contain an additional transition metal inorganic network, which further increases the connectivity of the inorganic network at ambient temperatures [32]. Furthermore, the occurrence of photopolymerisation reactions leads to the formation of an organic network overlapping both inorganic networks (silicate and zirconate).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene-doped photo-patternable ionogels: tuning of conductivity and mechanical stability of 3D microstructures

et al. 2012

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This work reports for the first time the development of enhanced conductivity, graphenedoped photo-patternable hybrid organic-inorganic ionogels and the effect of the subsequent materials condensation on the conductivity and mechanical stability of threedimensional microstructures fabricated by multi-photon polymerisation (MPP). Ionogels were based on photocurable silicon/zirconium hybrid sol-gel materials and phosphonium (trihexyltetradecylphosphonium dicyanamide [P6,6,6,14][DCA] ionic liquid (IL). To optimise the dispersion of graphene within the ionogel matrices, aqueous solutions of graphene were prepared, as opposed to the conventional graphene powder approach, and employed as catalysts of hydrolysis and condensation reactions occurring in the sol-gel process.Ionogels were prepared via a two step process by varying the hydrolysis degree from 25 to 50%, IL content between 0-50 w/w%, and the inorganic modifier (zirconate complex) concentration from 30 to 60 mol.% against the photocurable ormosil and they were characterised via Raman, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy. MPP was performed on the hybrid ionogels, resulting in threedimensional microstructures that were characterised using scanning electron microscopy.It is clearly demonstrated that the molecular formulation of the ionogels, including the concentration of graphene and the zirconate network modifier, play a critical role in the conductivity of the ionogels and influence the resulting mechanical stability of the fabricated three-dimensional microstructures. This work aims to establish for the first time the relationship between the molecular design and condensation of materials in the physico-chemistry and dynamic of ionogels.3

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Spectroscopic characterization of intrinsic losses in an organic–inorganic hybrid waveguide synthesized by the sol–gel process

Cited by 64 publications

References 17 publications

Structural and Optical Characterisation of an Erbium/Ytterbium Doped Hybrid Material Developed via a Nonhydrolytic Sol-Gel Route

Structural and Optical Characterisation of an Erbium/Ytterbium Doped Hybrid Material Developed via a Nonhydrolytic Sol-Gel Route

Development and characterisation of integrated microfluidics on waveguide-based photonic platforms fabricated from hybrid materials

Graphene-doped photo-patternable ionogels: tuning of conductivity and mechanical stability of 3D microstructures

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