Spectroscopic and NMR identification of novel hydride ions in fractional quantum energy states formed by an exothermic reaction of atomic hydrogen with certain catalysts

Mills, Randell L.; Ray, Paresh Chandra; Dhandapani, B.; Good, William R.; Jansson, Peter Mark; Nansteel, M.; He, J.; Voigt, Andreas

doi:10.1051/epjap:2004168

Cited by 27 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…<1 Torr) pure hydrogen, and RF and DC generated H 2 /Ar plasmas [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. New reports continue to appear [11], and now there are several reports from our team that selective H α line broadening is found in other plasmas called resonant-transfer (rt)-plasmas including H 2 /He (RF-GEC-type cell, [12]), water (microwave [13] and RF-GEC-type cell [14]) and in the presence of certain catalysts including helium, argon, potassium, and strontium (glow discharge, RF-GEC, and filament-type cells [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]). In all prior cases, other than those from our team [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22], the selective broadening was studied exclusively for hydrogen and H 2 /Ar plasmas and with one exception [23] exclusively in high field regions between the electrodes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, regarding anomalous Doppler broadening of atomic hydrogen emission lines, consistency of observations with the CQM model, and not with the accelerating fields class of models, is not unique to the present results. Indeed, earlier reports from our group regarding anomalous Doppler broadening of atomic hydrogen emissions in systems with virtually no field [17][18][19][20][21][22], in microwave plasmas [13,[15][16], as well as in RF-GEC systems with He/H 2 [12] and H 2 O [14] plasmas. In none of these examples are the results of the spectroscopy at all consistent with predictions of the accelerating fields class of models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence of catalytic production of hot hydrogen in RF generated hydrogen/argon plasmas

Phillips

Chen

Akhtar

et al. 2007

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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This is the third in a series of papers by our team on apparently anomalous Balmer series line broadening in hydrogen containing RF generated, low pressure (< 600 mTorr) plasmas. In this paper the selective broadening of the atomic hydrogen lines in pure H 2 and Ar/H 2 mixtures in a large 'GEC' cell (36 cm length × 14 cm ID) was mapped as a function of position, H 2 /Ar ratio, time, power, and pressure. Several observations regarding the selective line broadening were particularly notable as they are unanticipated on the basis of earlier models. First, the anomalous broadening of the Balmer lines was found to exist throughout the plasma, and not just in the region between the electrodes. Second, the broadening was consistently a complex function of the operating parameters particularly gas composition (highest in pure H 2 ), position, power, time and pressure. Clearly not anticipated by earlier models were the findings that under some conditions the highest concentration of 'hot' (>10 eV) hydrogen was found at the entry end, and not in the high field region between the electrodes and that in other conditions, the hottest H was at the (exit) pump (also grounded electrode) end. Third, excitation and electron temperatures were less than one eV in all regions of the plasma not directly adjacent (>1mm) to the electrodes, a Corresponding author: phone 505-665-2682; fax 505-665-5548 jphillips@LanL.gov 2 providing additional evidence that the energy for broadening, contrary to standard models, is not obtained from the field. Fourth, in contrast to our earlier studies of hydrogen/helium and water plasmas, we found that in some conditions 98% of the atomic hydrogen was in the 'hot' state throughout the GEC-type cell. Virtually every operating parameter studied impacted the character of the hot H atom population, and clearly second and third order effects exist, indicating a need for experimental design. Some non-field mechanisms for generating hot hydrogen atoms, specifically those suggested by Mills' CQM model, are outlined.3

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of catalytic production of hot hydrogen in RF generated hydrogen/argon plasmas

Phillips

Chen

Akhtar

et al. 2007

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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“…23,55-61 An additional energetic signature, independently confirmed, is the formation of a chemically generated plasma or so-called rt plasma 28,35,46-53 that releases excess power. 35,50 As given in the Disproportionation of Energy States section of Ref. 1, hydrogen atoms H͑1 / p͒ p =1,2,3, ... ,137 can undergo further transitions to lower-energy states given by Eqs.…”

Section: Catalyst Reaction Mechanism and Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of new hydrogen states

Mills¹,

Lotoski²,

Zhao³

et al. 2011

Physics Essays

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Classical physical laws predict that atomic hydrogen may undergo a catalytic reaction with certain species including itself that can accept energy in integer multiples of the potential energy of atomic hydrogen, m · 27.2 eV, where m is an integer. The predicted reaction involves a resonant, nonradiative energy transfer from otherwise stable atomic hydrogen to the catalyst capable of accepting the energy. The product is H͑1 / p͒, fractional Rydberg states of atomic hydrogen called "hydrino atoms," where n =1/ 2,1/ 3,1/ 4, ... ,1/ p ͑p Յ 137 is an integer͒ replaces the well-known parameter n = integer in the Rydberg equation for hydrogen excited states. Each atomic hydrino state also comprises an electron, a proton, and a photon, but the field contribution from the photon increases the binding rather than decreasing it corresponding to energy desorption rather than absorption. Since the potential energy of atomic hydrogen is 27.2 eV, one or more ͑m͒ H atoms can act as a catalyst for a given H by accepting m · 27.2 eV from it. Following the nonradiative energy transfer, further energy as characteristic continuum radiation having a short-wavelength cutoff of m 2 · 13.6 eV is released as the hydrino transitions to a final stable radius of 1 / ͑1+m͒ that of H. The transition also selectively produces extraordinary high-kinetic energy H. Hydrino transitions were observed experimentally by the predicted catalyst excitation, continuum emission, and hot H. Similar to the case with the 21 cm ͑1.42 GHz͒ line of ordinary hydrogen, hydrino atoms were identified by its predicted 642 GHz spin-nuclear hyperfine transition observed by terahertz absorption spectroscopy of cryogenically cooled H 2 below 35 K. Hydrinos react to form molecular hydrino and hydrino hydride ions that are much more stable than the ordinary variants and have characteristic predicted energies, spectra, and NMR shifts. Synthesized and naturally occurring molecular hydrinos were observed by electron beam excited rovibrational spectral emission and proton NMR. Hydrino hydride ions were observed by proton NMR ͑nuclear magnetic resonance͒ and XPS ͑X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy͒. The hydrino continua spectra directly and indirectly match significant celestial observations, and the characteristics of the hydrino indicate that it is dark matter.

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“…Mills [16][17][18][19][20][21][22] and collaborators investigated the formation of plasma in a hydrogen gas under special conditions, a so-called rt-plasma, due to a novel reaction of atomic hydrogen that produced, as chemical intermediates, hydrogen in new states that would be at lower energies than the traditional "ground" state. Mills named the phenomenon the "BlackLight Process."…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Nuclear Coupling of Proton and Electron

Krasnoholovets¹,

Zabulonov²,

Zolkin³

2016

ujpa

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We study both experimentally and theoretically the creation of a new physical entity, a particle in which the proton and electron form a stable pair with a tiny size typical for a nucleon. A new theoretical approach to study atomic, sub atomic and nuclear systems is suggested. In the framework of this new approach, which takes into account a submicroscopic concept of physics, we discuss similar experimental results of other researchers dealing with low energy nuclear reactions in a solid, plasma, sonofusion and the electrostatic field generated by piezocrystals. It is shown that the formation of sub atomic particles, which we name subatoms, involves an inerton cloud of an atom from the environment. The inerton cloud, as a carrier of mass, is absorbed by the electron and proton, which strongly couples these two particles in a new stable entity -the subhydrogen. Besides, we have generated a subhelium and argue the existence of subdeuterium. In addition to these subatoms there exist also nuclear pairs formed by a subatom with proton, deuteron and neutron.

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Spectroscopic and NMR identification of novel hydride ions in fractional quantum energy states formed by an exothermic reaction of atomic hydrogen with certain catalysts

Cited by 27 publications

References 41 publications

Evidence of catalytic production of hot hydrogen in RF generated hydrogen/argon plasmas

Evidence of catalytic production of hot hydrogen in RF generated hydrogen/argon plasmas

Identification of new hydrogen states

On the Nuclear Coupling of Proton and Electron

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