Spectrophotometric Determination of Bi(III) from Alloys and Drugs Samples Using Pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde-2-hydroxybenzoylhydrazone

Abstract

Bismuth and its compounds are comparatively less abundant in soil (0.00002 %). But it is used in different area of life such as cosmetic industry, medicines, alloys, by-product of copper and tin refining, metallurgical additives and preparation and recycling of uranium in nuclear fuels, fabrication of catalyst [1]. The pharmaceutical uses of some of its colloidal salts have expanded to antacids, peptic ulcer treatments, radiotherapeutic agents and topical dermatological creams [2]. Although bismuth exposure is common, that does not mean it's completely harmless. A number of toxic effects in human beings such as nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, kidney damage and nephropathy have been reported for the use of bismuthcontaining pharmaceuticals. As the use of bismuth and its compounds in different areas of life has increased, its presence in the environment and the chance of bismuth exposure to organisms has also increased. Therefore, due to the presence of bismuth in environmental and biological samples at low levels, the demand for sensitive, low cost, rapid and reliable analytical methods for the preconcentration and determination of this element has increased.