“…Based on these results, we assigned the refractive index used in PROSPECT-3 to PROSPECT-D. strong absorption between 450 nm and 650 nm, that peaks at about 550 nm. This result is in agreement with the absorption spectra reported in the literature (Dougall and Baker, 2008;Peters and Noble, 2014). The broadness of the absorption peak may be caused by calibration artifacts related to residual correlations between the pigments.…”
Section: Selection Of the Refractive Indexsupporting
confidence: 92%
“…As stated earlier, the SAC of anthocyanins obtained after the calibration phase ( Figure 5) displayed a broad absorption peak centered on 550 nm. The overall profile agrees well with the spectra obtained in previous studies (Gitelson et al, 2001;Peters and Noble, 2014). We compared this SAC with absorption spectra of pure cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), measured in the lab for different pH (Fossen et al, 1998).…”
Section: Specific Absorption Coefficientssupporting
confidence: 85%
“…Specific absorption coefficients of chlorophylls (green), carotenoids (orange), and anthocyanins (red). The solids line correspond to the SAC of all the pigments in PROSPECT-D, the dashed lines to the SAC of chlorophylls and carotenoids in PROSPECT-5, and to the SAC of anthocyanins measured byPeters and Noble (2014) using thin layer chromatography.…”
Leaf pigments provide valuable information about plant physiology. High resolution monitoring of their dynamics will give access to better understanding of processes occurring at different scales, and will be particularly important for ecologists, farmers, and decision makers to assess the influence of climate change on plant functions, and the adaptation of forest, crop, and other plant canopies. In this article, we present a new version of the widely-used PROSPECT model, hereafter named PROSPECT-D for dynamic, which adds anthocyanins to chlorophylls and carotenoids, the two plant pigments in the current version. We describe the evolution and improvements of PROSPECT-D compared to the previous versions, and perform a validation on various experimental datasets. Our results show that PROSPECT-D outperforms all the previous versions. Model prediction uncertainty is decreased and photosynthetic pigments are better retrieved. This is particularly the case for leaf carotenoids, the estimation of which is particularly challenging. PROSPECT-D is also able to simulate realistic leaf optical properties with minimal error in the visible domain, and similar performances to other versions in the near infrared and shortwave infrared domains.
“…Based on these results, we assigned the refractive index used in PROSPECT-3 to PROSPECT-D. strong absorption between 450 nm and 650 nm, that peaks at about 550 nm. This result is in agreement with the absorption spectra reported in the literature (Dougall and Baker, 2008;Peters and Noble, 2014). The broadness of the absorption peak may be caused by calibration artifacts related to residual correlations between the pigments.…”
Section: Selection Of the Refractive Indexsupporting
confidence: 92%
“…As stated earlier, the SAC of anthocyanins obtained after the calibration phase ( Figure 5) displayed a broad absorption peak centered on 550 nm. The overall profile agrees well with the spectra obtained in previous studies (Gitelson et al, 2001;Peters and Noble, 2014). We compared this SAC with absorption spectra of pure cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), measured in the lab for different pH (Fossen et al, 1998).…”
Section: Specific Absorption Coefficientssupporting
confidence: 85%
“…Specific absorption coefficients of chlorophylls (green), carotenoids (orange), and anthocyanins (red). The solids line correspond to the SAC of all the pigments in PROSPECT-D, the dashed lines to the SAC of chlorophylls and carotenoids in PROSPECT-5, and to the SAC of anthocyanins measured byPeters and Noble (2014) using thin layer chromatography.…”
Leaf pigments provide valuable information about plant physiology. High resolution monitoring of their dynamics will give access to better understanding of processes occurring at different scales, and will be particularly important for ecologists, farmers, and decision makers to assess the influence of climate change on plant functions, and the adaptation of forest, crop, and other plant canopies. In this article, we present a new version of the widely-used PROSPECT model, hereafter named PROSPECT-D for dynamic, which adds anthocyanins to chlorophylls and carotenoids, the two plant pigments in the current version. We describe the evolution and improvements of PROSPECT-D compared to the previous versions, and perform a validation on various experimental datasets. Our results show that PROSPECT-D outperforms all the previous versions. Model prediction uncertainty is decreased and photosynthetic pigments are better retrieved. This is particularly the case for leaf carotenoids, the estimation of which is particularly challenging. PROSPECT-D is also able to simulate realistic leaf optical properties with minimal error in the visible domain, and similar performances to other versions in the near infrared and shortwave infrared domains.
“…The number and positions of absorption peaks were obtained by calculating first and second derivatives of the absorption spectra and the results are shown in Table 4. Given the above argument about differences in environmental polarity 35 , Table 4 shows the potential maximum number of peaks within A
Chla , A
ChlB , and A
Cars
in vivo .Figure 6Absorption spectra of pure pigments in acetonitrile/methanol/dichloromethane (60:20:20 v/v/v). The concentrations of Lu (Lutein), An (Antheraxanthin), Ze (Zeaxanthin) in ( a ) and Ne (Neoxanthin), Vi (Violaxanthin), β-Car (β-carotene) in ( b ) were all 0.2 mg/ml; Chla and Chlb in ( c ) were 0.01 mg/ml.
…”
The PROSPECT leaf optical model has, to date, well-separated the effects of total chlorophyll and carotenoids on leaf reflectance and transmittance in the 400–800 nm. Considering variations in chlorophyll a:b ratio with leaf age and physiological stress, a further separation of total plant-based chlorophylls into chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b is necessary for advanced monitoring of plant growth. In this study, we present an extended version of PROSPECT model (hereafter referred to as PROSPECT-MP) that can combine the effects of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids on leaf directional hemispherical reflectance and transmittance (DHR and DHT) in the 400–800 nm. The LOPEX93 dataset was used to evaluate the capabilities of PROSPECT-MP for spectra modelling and pigment retrieval. The results show that PROSPECT-MP can both simultaneously retrieve leaf chlorophyll a and b, and also performs better than PROSPECT-5 in retrieving carotenoids concentrations. As for the simulation of DHR and DHT, the performances of PROSPECT-MP are similar to that of PROSPECT-5. This study demonstrates the potential of PROSPECT-MP for improving capabilities of remote sensing of leaf photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids) and for providing a framework for future refinements in the modelling of leaf optical properties.
“…Anthocyanins absorb in situ in a wide range around 550 nm (Gitelson et al, 2001;Peters and Noble, 2014) affecting reflectance at both wavelengths used in PRI. In AnC-containing leaves, reflectances at 530 and 570 nm are governed mainly by AnC absorption (i.e., AnC content).When AnC and Chl contents did not relate closely (as in our data), there was no significant relationship between PRI and any pigment (Chl, Car and AnC) content as well as with Car/Chl (Fig.…”
Section: Departure From a Strong Stoichiometric Relationshipmentioning
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